Why Church Clarity Matters with George Mekhail and Sarah Ngu / Transcript

Note: Can I Say This at Church is produced for audio listening. If able, I strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which has inflection, emotion, sarcasm where applicable, and emphasis for points that may not come across well in written word. This transcript is generated using a combination of my ears and software, and may contain errors. Please check the episode for clarity before quoting in print.

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Intro - George 0:00

What if there was a moratorium on arguing about theology for a second, let's just pause. Okay, I understand the arguments on the other side have been on the other side of those arguments. Cool, I'm probably not going to convince you, and actually, I'm done trying. So let's just suspend that conversation. And instead, maybe we can find something that we all agree on, which is to say, let them validate each other's theology because we, in some ways, both sides of the theological debate, see the other side of perpetuating harm.

But let's just suspend that for a second, and let's focus on clarity. What if both sides of the theological spectrum agreed that clarity was reasonable? I think what would happen is we would root out a lot and this ambiguity that exists in between the spectrum where it really has nothing to do with conviction. In fact, a lot of the worst offenders of ambiguity are these “large, hipster, evangelical megachurch, Hillsong” type places that don't stand for anything.

It's not even that they’ve fleshed out their theology and they believe it so intensely that they're, you know, they don't want to talk about it because it's resolved. It’s that they don't even know why they don't believe it or why their policies are what they are. And so I don't think there's any room for that, frankly, in the church world.

Seth 1:48

Hello there my friends, welcome back to the Can I Say This At Church podcast. A lot of good things happening today. A lot of good things happen today. I'm going to bypass the normal plea for patrons support. etc, etc, because you know that you should have already done that. And instead, I'm going to make a pitch for something different. And so the guest today is George Mekhail. And I hope I said that right, George and Sarah Ngu. They are to the people that are on the leadership team for the website, church. clarity.org. Some of you listening will know what that is. But I think the majority of you may not. And so let me tell you what it is briefly before we get into the episode and why that matters. So a few years ago, they started a website and they've outgrown that, the website is dedicated to removing ambiguity on two central topics in the church.

One is inclusiveness. They're not making a pitch for either case, and the other is women in ministry, and women in leadership in the church. And they basically raised churches, and they have outgrown the platform there. And so as opposed to making pitches for you to support this show, which hopefully you'll continue to do, and or feel led to do today, I would highly recommend hit pause, go down to the show notes. I'm gonna link it right at the very top. They have an Indiegogo campaign that expires, I believe at the end of this week at the end of November here. They need to be able to upgrade the website. There are a lot of churches in America. There's a lot of ambiguity in America. And there shouldn't be.

So hit pause, click the button, go throw them a few bucks, see if we can help them upgrade what they're doing. And so hit pause, click the button, throw my dollar or two. And let's see what we can do to help remove some ambiguity. With that little PSA out of the way. I cannot wait for you to hear this conversation a bit about the mission and the heart and the message and kind of where they see things going.

Perfect, unpause it you're back. Here we go. So I really hope that you enjoy this conversation with both George and Sarah from Church Flarity. Both of these topics women ministry and inclusivity or at least a stance on it are massively important.

They are the topics of the future of the church. And if you don't believe me, just Google it, and you will find people bickering, and their bickering because nobody knows where they stand. And so here we go, a conversation about churches removing ambiguity and becoming clear.

Seth 4:50

Sarah Ngu George Mekhail, and I'm aware that there's two ways to say your name and I've committed earlier to not butchering it. So I'm going to go with that version cofounders of the website, church clarity, which is a website that has I told people, you know, “Hey, friends, you know, I'm going to talk with the co founders of this website. And this and this organization“, a lot of them either said, Oh, that's fantastic. But the predominant amount of them said, “What is church clarity?” And so I want to get there in a minute, because I think that's a huge question that matters. But Sarah, I'd like to start with you. Can you kind of break us through, you know, briefly, who you are, how you came to do what you do and kind of, you know how, how you became whatever it is that you're doing right now?

Sarah 5:31

Sure. I am a freelance writer by trade, and I do a lot of journalism and reporting. And I came to contact with George after I published an article on Evangelicals in the church, I think that was summer of 2017. And I had just come up and experience of interviewing four queer gay folks about why they chose to leave or stay within their not affirming churches. And so I want it to just fact check whether it was true that these churches, you know, did not permit these people to, in one case lead worship and walk his take communion, and in another case like be members. And so I just sent an email asking them if they can you just confirm this is true; very straightforward, yes or no? And I was surprised to hear that none of them got back to me the only one who did one out of four who did got back to me on the condition that it was anonymous and in fact, was shocked and offended when I said that I was actually going to use the church's name. And it just became very clear to me that no matter how much I pressed him on, yes or no, did this person-was he not allowed to join the worship team because it was gay. They wouldn't give me a clear answer.

So I was like, either you think my interviewee is lying to me? Or there's something like deeply unhealthy with how you think the church leadership operates. So shortly after that I met George and he said, “You know, I want to do kind of a almost like credit rating, credit score, better business bureau, or Charity Navigator, version for churches” that kind of skipped over the debate of you know, should churches be affirming enough for me, and let's just focus on the problem that no one seems to be focused on, which is, let's just get your just to start being clear about the policies first, and then we can have a conversation.

Because if you're not clear, then the congregation does not know and then there's no conversation, because they just operate on their assumptions based on maybe the branding of the church. So right now I run kind of writing things for Church Clarity but I’m predominantly responsible for the database of the scoring of churches that are submitted to us. We have a team of 100 volunteers that review their church websites and provide a score based on how clearly the church communicates their LGBTQ and women and leadership policies. So it's kind of a score of your website because the idea is we want to incentivize, and kind of pressure churches a little bit, to be clear all your websites. Because really, in the 21st century, your website is your front door, and you should know this stuff before you step in the front door.

Seth 8:12

Can I ask a clarifying question? So you were interviewing humans, not the churches specifically about these certain questions? And then anonymity would be no, you're not going to tell anybody that this is “Seth” answering. But then you reached out to the church, and he's like, “No, no, no, don't reach out to the church, because they'll know it's me!” Is that what you mean by that or did I miss understand you?

Sarah 8:31

Yeah, I meant something different. So I talked to four people who are not anonymous, who are on the record about their experiences with their churches. I then reached out to the church pastors to confirm whether or not what their congregant said was true, essentially, whether they really had these policies. And the one pastor who got back to me, gave me this like really boilerplate response and was very angry at me and accused me of being divisive, whatever, when he realized I was going to use the church's name in the article. I wasn't just going to say like “church in your city” or “church in Queens”, that type of thing.

Seth 9:06

Thank you for that clarification, because when I heard it, I was like, All right. So who didn't want to be anonymous? I appreciate the clarification. George, how about you? What's kind of your story?

George 9:16

Yeah. So first of all, thanks so much for having us. I love the name of your show because it’s inquisitive. Can I Say This At Church, something that we always all definitely ask. I grew up in the church. The other the other pronunciation of my last name is the Arabic way of saying it. I was raised into Cairo, Egypt into the Coptic Orthodox Church as a deacon growing up. And so I was 11 or 12 when me and my sisters, after we had emigrated to America, wanted to sort of be around more of our friends and from school and things like that, and so started going to Young Life and more sort of picking up in evangelical circles, left left the Coptic church Arguing with my dad about, you know, the perpetual virginity of the Holy Virgin Mary and things like that.

So I've always been just really curious about the church and what holds it all together and the different manifestations of it. So that’s caused me to sort of jump around quite a bit, I would say started, started pretty standard evangelicals and got into pretty hardcore. Calvinism was at Mark Driscoll’s church for a little while. Then bounce over to progressive, more progressive evangelicalism. When the church that I started working for, Eastside Community Church in Seattle, started going down this this journey of becoming more more open with our theology, and inclusive and affirming of the LGBTQ community specifically.

So it was that specific experience and I would say, the response of the church community and specifically other pastors, that the idea for Church Clarity was originally conceived. And what happened was, after we went through this process, becoming open and affirming, and making this a very public thing we were in Time Magazine, we were one of the largest evangelical mega churches in the country, this was in 2015, to be this, I guess, public about the movement we were making.

So we heard a lot of encouragement, a lot of like, positive feedback from our peers in the church in the different churches that were associated with. Initially, you were cheering you on great job, all that kind of stuff. And that was great for you know, a week or two. And then this the call stopped coming and people got quieter and you know, for, for responding when you reach out were a lot slower and the private praise and encouragement was never followed up with public support or affirmation. And I thought this discrepancy was fascinating. And I think revealed a lot. And so I started to get curious about the differences between what pastors were saying privately and how they're communicating to their churches into the public and similar to the people they were inviting. This rhetoric around, “all are welcome”. When in reality, you're denying people baptism, or you're not allowing people [them] to volunteer in certain places, right, the question of, well what's the limit of some of these “welcomes” became really, really important.

And so, as Sarah mentioned, I was in a mode where I left East Lake, after a little while, and moved to New York, took a job at Riverside Church as Director of strategic partnerships with innovation, so I kind of completed my circuit around the entire landscape. Now at the main line progressive church. And it was, it was there that, you know, Sarah and I and our third co-founder, Tim Schrader, launched Church Clarity. And it was all kind of, for all of us as a side project, something that we were kind of just experimenting with and didn't expect it to explode into what it is two years later now, where we have 100 or 130, something volunteers who volunteer for us from all around the world, and over 5000 churches submitted to our website. And basically, you know, I know you mentioned a lot of your listeners haven’t heard of us, which I think is good. But as people hear about this, we are sort of becoming this household name, where more and more people are starting to understand that clarity is reasonable, and they're using our website to find a church to attend based on wanting to go somewhere that aligns with their values and isn't afraid to state their convictions?

Seth 14:06

Sarah, I want to go back to something you said earlier. So why do you think that churches don't want to actually say what they believe? Because I think most churches will say, you know…you go to there, there is a, here's what we believe, you know, the Bible is inspired this is that, services are held on Sunday. You know, there's a huge doctrinal statement there. But specifically on women in ministry, and especially on homosexuality. Why do you think churches won't plant a flag?

Sarah 14:38

I'll give my take. But George, in some ways can give a better answer because I've never been on the other side where George has been I think it's a couple of reasons for my conversations with pastors. And folks, I think, for some churches, that they their goal, particularly from the LGBT issues, is to change people. Change their orientation. Change your gender, like, get people from A to B, because that's what they think sanctification or redemption looks like. And so actually my mom said this to me, “if a church was clear, then how would people walk in the door and how could churches change them?”

So there's for some churches, I think a very brute level of like, this is intentional. We're we need to be a bit dishonest, but it's for the long haul, it's for the best. And I don't think that strategy is that different from the typical bait and switch tactics of evangelism, where, you know, we're going to host a movie night with youth and pizza and music, and truly young people. And then halfway through someone, someone talks about the gospel, and it's like, Whoa, I didn't I didn't sign up for a gospel talk. I signed up for a movie night. So, in that sense, it's not that the surprising you can think about something that churches deeply believe they're right about but are a bit embarrassed about it. And there is, you know, I've had another pastor say to me “I can't be” and he was pastoring a church in Chelsea which is a historically gay neighborhood in Manhattan.
He said, “You know, I can't be clear about my stance, the Church stance, because to do so it'd be equivalent to being registered on a sex offender list on the internet. If people look us up and they see this, it's going to be branded as bigots and as hateful”.

And I think pastors like him, tend to be too preoccupied with “look at my motivations”, you know, I'm not a hateful person, I have gay friends. I don't want to be misconstrued of who I am based on the policies. And you know, we are very deliberate in our language never say hateful, to never say bigoted because that would assign motivation whereas we're just trying to get the impact policy, because you could be affirming in theology, actually, but still not affirming policy due to like, maybe denominational disciplinary rules, as we've seen, like the ACC, and UMC.

But regardless, I think of that pastors like him I think are more preoccupied with how people think of them, then impact of the policies on others. So and George, I think has another answer that has to do with money.

George 17:21

Sorry, are you asking me? Because I'm ready to just say money.

Seth 17:25

Do it. Do it. Go for it.

George 17:28

I think seeker sensitivity. I mean, I think this this whole idea…I think it's failed. The Bill Hybels model of let's set up, you know, pizza night for Jesus and get people in the door or the Young Life approach of let's get all the cool kids. I think what it's what has happened, what's transpired over the last 15 years is pretty clearly showing that that just has not worked.

And like Sarah said, we are careful about assigning motivation, I don't want to say that everybody who is ambiguous is just “in it for the money”, kind of a thing. But I do think that once a pastor is confronted with the ways in which their ambiguity about their policies has harmed a real person in their church; you know, like you confused this person, this person thought they heard this thing. And then this is what played out in your church under your care. I mean, once that message is delivered, now, you can no longer claim ignorance-you can no longer be like, “Well, I didn’t know that people were getting hurt”. And I think when that happens but there is still a refusal to deliver clarity that I have no problem saying, Okay, well, then clearly, you're just trying to protect your kingdom. You're trying to protect your pocketbook, you're trying to make sure that nobody knows the actual policies that you're enforcing because if enough people knew they would stop coming here and tithing here. And that is obviously inconvenient for you.

And so there's there's two parts, I think, to what we're doing. The first one is awareness. And I think there is a recognition that not everybody is aware that ambiguity can be this harmful. There is sort of this innocence and evangelism that says, No, I just want everybody to know the good news. You know, if I die, I will go to heaven or make sure I told the new people as I could or whatever it is. And I think that's okay. And I think we do have in our system, ways in which that we are able to accommodate the people that are in that position, but it's when the awareness has been brought, that there are no more excuses. I think that's, that's the crux of what we're trying to do is just say clarity is reasonable. All you have to do is explain your policies. Nobody's asking you to change, no one is asking you to be something you're not. But you do have policies that inform you, what are they?

Sarah 19:54

I think, George, we should just quickly mention the actively discerning stuff because that can be confusing to people.

Seth 20:00

That is actually my next question. So you have a couple, you have a couple ranking. So you have you have clear, unaffirming, affirming, you also have something called verified and you have actively discerning can either one of you break in, I might have missed one entirely, as well. What are those? Like if someone goes to the website, and they're like, all right, where's my church?

Sarah 20:20

So there are, broadly two types of scores. One is a score that we give to the church website, which I mostly have covered. So we look at church, any church website statements, sermons, blog posts, social media things, any clues on policy, but every church that we do score based on a website, we're also email that a verified clear survey, which is about 10 questions that's just yes or no on hiring, weddings, and ordination of LGBTQ people and for women leadership was preaching teaching elders, you know, senior pastor, that type of thing. And regardless of how they answer the questions, they will receive a verified clear score. So if you answered no to everything “verified clear”; answer yes to everything “verified clear”. If you don't answer the survey, then the whatever score we gave you earlier will still stand.

And I should mention in that survey, you can answer actively discerning, which means we're unsure, we want to be clear about the fact that we are in process. And for those churches, we require that they set a date of resolution for their discernment within 12 months so that you're not just like perpetually discerning. Which is, you know, a little bit of a cop out in our opinion, because if you're truly are discerning, you actually are looking for answers and not just be like I'm open to the spirit but here's my stance right now.

And when it comes to the non-verified clear scores, there is an “undisclosed” which means we cannot find any kind of conclusive evidence. There is “unclear” which means the policy evidence was hard to find that we had to really dig. And there's “clear” which is (your policy) was pretty easy to find. It was like on either the homepage or, you know, there's a clear trail to get me to your policy or your denominations policy. Right now we we do distinguish, you know if it's clear affirming / clear non-affirming but the more important part is the clear and unclear distinction.

Seth 22:09

I want to shift gears to the women in leadership policies because I feel like that often doesn't have a big microphone. And so I'm thankful that that is there. It will get a big microphone when somebody says something and then Twitter explodes for half a week and then everybody forgets about it again, like Beth Moore a few weeks ago with with MacArthur and I'm not going to rehash any of that. How if you had to, are the two…and either one of you can take the question. Do you feel like those two issues are of equal urgency or does one kind of take a more urgent place over the other or does it vary based on church or community?

George 22:47

Mmhhm. That’s a good question. I think it's hard anytime you start ranking urgency on matters. I think the reality is contextually a different level of urgency for a lot of us depending on the where we're coming from, I would say that culturally like on a broad scale, there's certainly something to be said about the LGBTQ conversation being at the forefront of a lot of people's minds. And a lot of, you know, even even laws that were having battles about the LGBTQ people's right to basic employment and basic human rights. And so I think because of that, because of the fact that it's sort of front and center, at a more societal level, that it's also front and center, as far as the church is concerned. But I want to be careful not to say that, therefore, it's more important than making sure that women have clarity in terms of their, the limits of their leadership in the church or even other issues that we don't currently score for that, I think, still have a lot of relevance but, but again, it's just tough to put a number or a ranking on which one is the more urgent or the which we should be talking about as important.

Sarah 24:06

Yeah. I would just quickly add that we treat both scores a bit differently. From a scoring methodology perspective. To get a clear egalitarian score, that's how we distinguish egalitarian versus non-egalitarian…to get a clear score, let me phrase it this way. You have to have representation in addition to policy. There are lots of churches that say, “Oh, yeah, women, you're free to lead”, but then still have predominantly men in preaching positions, Pastorship, elder boards, etc. So we actually go through this somewhat, arduous and a little subjective process of counting, and making sure it's a 50/50 ratio. And if not, you actually get an unclear score.

Seth 24:54

50/50 ratio of staff or like deacons or elders or how to because not every church like I know myself church doesn't really broadcast who the deacons are or who anyone outside of staff is.

Sarah 25:07

Yeah. So what church do you go to?

Seth 25:10

First Baptist in Waynesboro.

Sarah 25:13

Oh, sorry. What denomination?

Seth 25:14

It is affiliated with both Cooperative Baptist and Baptist Association of Virginia. That's what it's called.

Sarah 25:22

And I'm curious, how do y'all’s leadership governance structures work? Because, you know, in the Episcopal church, you look for the Vestry and the ELC you have a church Council, and Presbyterian Church, you look for the Elders.

Seth 25:34

So we have a Church Council, which is comprised predominantly of the main committee. So like stewardship, the treasurer, the pastor, you know, facilities, and then outside of that we have deacons that serve a specific term that are elected by the church, and then those rotate in and out.

Sarah 25:58

Yeah, I think for us obviously, preference would be to take into account teams that have essentially like governance, this decision making power over the future of the church and the, you know, budget of the church, what have you. Because obviously, if you cannot find any leadership team and it's just the pastor, you know, then two other staff people. Now what we usually do sometimes if it's, you know, happens to be two women, and a staff of one man, it, you know, you guys are clear egalitarian score, if if, if we cannot find a lead on it, your team will just be give an unclear score.

And we cite that the reason we give an unclear score is because we cannot find the leadership team. So I don't think we're, we might we're trying to raise the standard a little bit for church websites and say, like, more and more people, when they go to church websites are looking at who's in leadership are looking at racial representation, look at gender representation, and so we are trying to raise the bar for churches to do that as well.

Seth 27:17

What has been the biggest push back and this is open for either one of you, you know you've been doing this for two years now. So what has been the biggest “Alright, well, I didn't expect people to yell at me about this. I thought this was pretty cut and dry.”

George 27:30

Yeah, I would say that it is there's a general misunderstanding. We're constantly having to reiterate the fact that when we're talking about clarity that we're talking about policies, and I think that they can get misconstrued that we are talking about beliefs or we're talking about somebody’s position or you know, whatever the language people use.

And so people sort of can can get so excited about what they see in what we're creating but then jump immediately to like, you need to be more clear on your stance and then just kind of fumble through it. And we're trying to do as good of a job as we can communicating that we're talking about policy policy policy, policy questions. And I think, once we are able to have conversations with people who don't understand what we're talking about, there's actually…there's actually understanding that that doesn't make sense. It's clear what I love about this is that people who have conservative theology and progressive theology can all agree that clarity is reasonable. If you have an opportunity to actually explain that nuance that, you know, we're just trying to get to the root of the fact that everybody does have a policy that they are enforcing, and they should just disclose it. So I would say that's probably the biggest one.

Seth 28:55

What other options and so this is based or predicated upon the the most recent blog post that's out on the website for you all there about a minister that basically had to leave his church because he had to take a position. I believe I'm I don't think I'm misstating saying that or over simplifying it. And that is a common, a very common theme. I had a chat message with someone that literally they may lose their licensure because of their stances, and then they may also lose their ability to teach at whatever school that they teach at. And so where do you see the church going? Because I think if it constantly stays, you know, you either agree with me or you're excommunicated from the faith. And I think that people have to expend energy creating something new, that the church is just going to shrivel up and just die. So where do you see the options for ministers or for members even, that need that either you know, that maybe they go to an SBC church because that's the only church in town that they live or they go to a denominational type church, but they they can't participate?

They can't do the community They can't get married, or they're a minister in the same boat like where does it need to be like where and five six years do you think based upon you're constantly looking at these churches, websites, you're looking at their, their statements, you're getting emails from people, I'm certain, where do you see it needing to go?

Sarah 30:19

Just to clarify your question is because I feel like you're asking a couple of questions.

Seth 30:22

Probably am; I tend too ramble.

Sarah 30:27

That’s okay it’s hard to do this - I've been on the other side (of the microphone) a few times. But you're asking for people who disagree with their churches policy stance, and they maybe don’t have other options, what should they do?

Seth 30:43

Or the inverse of that of, you know, I have gone to this church my entire life, and we hire a new pastor. That pastor has different views than we do. And for some reason, we didn't ask those questions in the interview process. What does the church do so both from the Go to this church side. And then the other part from the church is about to explode side, like, where does it need to be in the years to come?

Sarah 31:07

Um, I think, you know, from a Church Clarity perspective, we kind of that's where at least ,George correct me if I'm wrong, but I think we trust people to make the best decisions, given the information that they have. Our job is to deliver, as best as we understand it, information available already on church websites, that we're just doing a bit more searching and centralization. But I know plenty of people who are like, “oh, wow, I didn't know my church had this stance. Hey, but you know, I really still love the community. I am gay, but and I'm feeling really connected to the pastor here so I'm going to just stay and be, you know, and hopefully talk to people and get people to change their minds.” I know some people take that approach. Some people be like, I'm leaving right away. As we're Church vetting of hiring of leadership. I don't…I don't know. I don't really know how to answer that question.

Seth 32:00

Well, to be fair, you missed that part of the conversation. George has asked me that prior. That's actually how I originally found my way to church clarity. As we were looking at, I was on a search committee to find our new pastor. And it was just clicking around. I'm like, what's, what is this website? And then I went down the rabbit hole of literally googling every church that are not googling every typing in every church name that I knew, and then submitting my own because it's time to it's time to be…I believe y'all are right that it is reasonable to not be ambiguous.

You have like, I can't tell my wife. “I think I love you. I mean, I'm pretty sure that I might love you. Pretty. I'm fairly I'm 98% certain that I'm almost certain, you know,” George, where would you take that question?

George 32:46

Yeah, no, I love the question. It's really thought provoking. I think the nature of our work, in a perfect world if everything goes well, hopefully what we're doing is talking to the people attend churches and inviting them to embrace their own individual like free will and their own sovereignty and to activate their intellect and their hearts and their minds a little bit more in terms of like, what am I even doing here? Why am I going to this church? What is this church about? Why am I giving my money here, volunteering my time here? And because the accountability can't be solely through this organization, we can be a catalyst, but clarity very much is the first step and what there's a long path to any sort of potential healing that the church can experience.

And I think it starts with the people of the church, saying no more, we're not gonna we're not going to allow what was once a really sacred and holy tradition to be commodified in the way that it's become commodified. And let it be all about you know what celebrity goes here or what kind of shoes your, your pastors wearing or whatever. We need to get real in the fact that we're allowing this, collectively, we're allowing pastors and the structures that we've created to water down what was once something that required a lot of conviction and a lot of faith.

And so hopefully there's a return to that, there's a return to people embracing it for themselves, this idea that clarity is reasonable. And then through that inquiry, having there be accountability that doesn’t necessarily require this, you know, this website to hold you accountable. And hopefully the website can be more of a resource and a tool that can unify.

I think that the other part of this that I would personally love to see is okay, what if there was a moratorium on arguing about theology for a second for like, let's just pause to understand the arguments on the other side have been on the other side of those arguments. I'm probably not going to convince you and actually I'm done trying. So let's just suspend that conversation. And instead, maybe we can find something that we all agree on, which isn’t to say that we validate each other's theology because we, in some ways, both sides of the theological debate see the underside of perpetuating harm. But let's just suspend that too for a second and let's focus on clarity.

Like, what if both sides of the theological spectrum agreed that clarity was reasonable? I think what would happen is we would root out a lot and this ambiguity that exists in between the spectrum where it really has nothing to do with conviction. In fact, a lot of the worst offenders of ambiguity are these large, hipster, evangelical, mega church Hillsong(y) type places that don't stand for anything. There's no it's not even like they have fleshed out their theology and they believe it so intensely that they're, you know, they don't want to talk about it because it's resolved. It's they don't even know why they don't believe it or why their policies are what they are. And so I don't think there's any room for that, frankly, in the church world. So I think there is an opportunity for some, some quote unquote, unity, even among churches that disagree theologically

Seth 36:24

I want to pivot and for those listening, I will say pause right now and just go to church clarity.org and just see where your churches but from what I understand there's a backlog. So just know, if you submit somebody, it may be some time before it's there. But I have a question about your website. And so I had asked a friend, you know, hey, what would you ask the, you know, the founders of this organization? And he had said, you know, a database of information is fine, but how are we helping to point people to community, because people need to be…is there any portion of your website or as you're going into rebranding that you're like, yeah, you know what now that we know that there's this many people in Dallas or this many people in Charlottesville there's many people in, does it pick the city, it doesn't really matter. Is there any plans possibly to point people towards community as opposed to just having the data as like a white page listing of churches? Or no? I'm sure that that is a massive undertaking to figure out how to point things in specific directions.

George 37:26

Yeah, absolutely. There is a really exciting part of this next iteration is our emphasis on “verified clear churches”, which is our highest and best score, verify clear indicates that the church has completed a certain policies are being submitted to our team, about 500 or so verified clear churches now out of the 5000 or so that have been submitted. And so with that group of churches that is exactly what we're hoping to do. Encourage people to go to these churches that aren't afraid of disclosing their policies and do demonstrate conviction.

And then from there, looking for ways to maybe even connect those churches to each other and building an association of churches. So we have this opportunity for clear churches to become members of what we do. And so once you get scored verified clear, you can pay a small fee to become a verified clear member church. And what that does, is it gives you more visibility to our audience. And basically, that's, that's the only way we make money. So nobody, nobody works for church clarity. We are doing, we're all volunteers, myself and Sarah included.

Now hopefully, that's not always the case. I mean, we've been at this for two years. And we do hope that we can create some sustainability because it's something that we believe in and there's there's a lot of work that still needs to be done in practical realities of us being here to pay bills and that kind of stuff. But verified clear members is the vehicle that we see it sort of a long term what we want to build this this whole vision We want to verify their churches to sort of believe with this this message of “we're verified clear” and what's been really cool is that's naturally happening.

As we've scored churches verified clear, there's like, they celebrate like hanging some score verified, clear, but there's clarity we see received searches, like making videos, like celebrating this moment or putting our, you know, their verified clear badge on their website and being proud of the fact that like, you know we're not afraid to tell you, “here's where we're at”. And so as we get our systems in place more and get through technical challenges and this backlog that we have, that's something that we're really excited to lean into more.

Seth 39:38

To clarify on verified clear. That doesn't necessarily mean affirming or unaffirming. It can mean both correct, just as long as they're clear?

George 39:48

That is correct. And then another highly misunderstood part. So once we go from scoring a church based on our methodology that Sarah described, and sort of using the information that we have or the readily available. We give them unclear not affirming or clear affirming or whatever. If they then become verified there, we actually drop those other labels on affirming or affirming. And they just become verified clear with the list of their answers to the policy question.

Seth 40:16

The reason I asked that question and why I'm asking the next one is, I went to the website, I'm on it now. And I could not find a place to say, you know what, I support this. Let me give you $20. So my question was, how do you make money, but then there's also a banner at the top there that says we grew too fast and we need to scale up help us reboot the website. What does that actually like? What are you doing? What are you rebooting? What's it gonna look like? What's kind of your timeline? What are the goals there?

George 40:40

Like? I've been talking a lot lately, but sorry, let me take this one too.

Sarah 40:44

Yes. Okay.

George 40:51

So yes, we just launched an Indiegogo campaign and we are trying to raise 50k. Basically to have the ability to invest development of our site. So two years ago when we launch Tim Schrader, who's a marketing genius, bless his heart. We've created this WordPress blog with about 25 churches, I'm sorry, Squarespace blog. Thank you. But over overnight, we outgrew that based on the response. And so we had to rebuild the website really quickly in two days on a different platform. And we've sort of been bootstrapping, like patch working, like it's really it's like the most bandaged-backend system you've ever seen. But it works and it's actually quite brilliant. The mind that are behind it, are really doing an incredible job of making do with what we have, but we've now had another milestone where we're pushing up against the limits of the fun side providers that we have and blah, blah, blah, all the technical stuff that's happening.

Point is, we want to make our “search” better. You know, we want to be able to offer more features and more tools and resources, especially for our “verified clear churches” and especially for people to come To the website looking for a church, we want to make the experience overall better. We feel like we have, you know, proof of concept in terms of what we're creating, and there's definitely a demand for it. But we've just been really intentional about money from the very beginning, not wanting to create something that was super, like dependent on donations all the time.

We're always constantly having to do these campaigns and whatnot. And so it's kind of a big deal for us to step out and say, “Okay, we're ready…we're pretty confident in what we're building out”. So we're ready to ask people for money, who support that. So that's kind of the left of the spirit behind the campaign itself. We're trying to build additional capacity so that we can continue to grow and get through this backlog that we have, and ultimately, score every church in America ,every church in America, that's that's the goal and we are scoring globally to but we're just trying to keep our goals focused on what we feel like is attainable.

Seth 43:00

So Where do they go to push the button to say, yeah, sign me up. I'm happy to support.

George 43:06

Yeah. So thanks. Thanks so much again for allowing us to plug that it's just go to charity.org. You'll see that the banner at the top, it'll take you to the Indiegogo campaign. That's that's probably the easiest part of the link is in our profile, Instagram, as well. So whatever is easiest, any, any amount helps. We're also whatever one of the perks that we're offering, if you do have a church was caught up in the in the backlog, we have released a limited number of what we're calling fast passes, that will get you to the front of the line, get your church published.

Seth 43:35

So it works for Disney. So why not? Sarah, you have a big job with the database and the methodology? Like is there any way that people can help you? Because I think the more data points in the matrix, the better for something of this nature, because that's just how algorithms work. So is there any way that as people like if they can't volunteer money; is there any other way to help partner with with church clarity to go I can help and here's how.

Sarah 44:08

Yes, we have I think I mentioned briefly but 150 plus volunteers, students but also across the world and we train you in our methodology and all you kind of need is internet connection a laptop or desktop and a few hours of free time every week over the week. And at this point, someone in Stephanie actually is the main point person I oversee some of the high level but we have like multiple teams.

If you want to go to our website you can go to churchclarity.com and then on the menu bar look for become verified clear. I realized we don't really have really clear call to actions on our websites George but technically that is the form by which you become sign up to be verified clear as an individual which then gives you the option to join us as a volunteer. So the only requirement we have a volunteer is not whether you are affirming/unaffirming but whether you are willing to be clear by your own policy positions.

So that's one way to help. And we have a variety of tasks from like, really basic data entry, people who like like cleaners and efficiency and organization. And it's like relaxing to people who have a more of an investigative edge. I want to troll through sermon archives and stuff like that.

Seth 45:20

Thank you for that. I had given you a time commitment, and we're coming up on that. But I wanted to say thank you both for making this website. I do know what it's like to have to run all the backend stuff, although I have no idea what it is to break Squarespace or word or WordPress, I'm not there. And hopefully I never am because it sounds like it's a big hassle. But thank you so much for doing what you're doing. I genuinely think and I know, you know, I fully expect in the next year so this will come up in my local church because we are not scored as affirming because I'm pretty sure we are ambiguous; but I do know we also have 10-15 gay, gay people, gay couples, gay married couples, gay youth-and that matters. You know that it just didn't matters, you know that someone could be raised in a church and then when they turn 17, and they want to do something, and say something, and then they don't have a fellowship. It matters. It matters. It matters so, so much. So I do want to thank you both for making what you've made. I know it takes a lot to do that, but I think it's needed. So any final words from either one of you? If not, I will let you go.

George 46:24

Yeah, you’ve been great. I really appreciate the conversation. Thanks so much for the work that you're doing and for everybody.

Sarah 46:29

Yeah, thank you so much. Appreciate you as well.

Seth 47:01

We should not have ambiguity. When we're talking about people and our beliefs, we have no issue was saying what we believe the Bible is with who we believe Jesus was what we think about the Trinity, what we believe about hell. And if we're honest, we have no ambiguity when we think about what our politics are, who we do and don't support, but to not talk about a conversation and a topic as big as what we just talked about, is damaging to every person in the room, regardless of their belief. I'm so thankful for things like church clarity, and the vision that they have. And I'm really hopeful that after they redo this website, and they can rebrand that some of those communities can begin to get built and be fostered and some of those communities can begin to be fostered. For people that need a home that have been ostracized on either side of the debate that they can begin to point people in those directions because it's just too hard to find the answers because churches just aren't willing to be upfront about the answers. I cannot wait for next week. It's December. Got some great guests lined up for December. And then it's going to be fun. I'll talk with you next week. Be good everybody. There.

Unsettling Truths with Professor Soong Chan Rah / Transcript

Note: Can I Say This at Church is produced for audio listening. If able, I strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which has inflection, emotion, sarcasm where applicable, and emphasis for points that may not come across well in written word. This transcript is generated using a combination of my ears and software, and may contain errors. Please check the episode for clarity before quoting in print.

Back to the Audio!


Soong-Chan 0:00

The underlying narrative that drives in both dysfunctional parties is American exceptionalism. And so that is really antithetical to the gospel. The belief that a single nation in this day and age can be the chosen nation, when the scriptures only testify to Israel as the chosen nation. And that, you know, arguably is for that time period within the Scriptures. There is actually zero indication, zero idea that America, the United States of America, is the exceptional chosen nation of God. But again, these narratives have played itself out in so many ways that it doesn't matter what party you belong to the idea of American exceptionalism is going to find its way into the rhetoric.

Seth 1:02

Hi everybody, welcome back to the show. This is episode 105. That's an insane number. Welcome to the show I'm glad that you're here. I want to quickly make an appeal to your support of the show the holidays are coming, consider supporting the show you can do that one of a handful of ways the free cheap, easy way. It's just rate and review the show on iTunes; algorithms run the entire world. Facebook, Google, email, show your computer and what happens when you turn on the blinker, all algorithms, and so one way that you can help other people find shows like this one, is just hit pause, go to rate and review. Click at amount of stars really your choice anywhere from one to five, but then type some comments there. Like say something about the show. What do you like what do you hate? I would greatly appreciate it that is one simple and easy way to support the show. The other two ways are really easy so you can either support the show on Patreon and there are multiple levels there. You can start at $1 a month. Go up to crazy amounts if you want to. And I won't stop you. But that is the way that the show continues to be a show. So as Can I Say This At Church grows, it just cost more money which is insane and thus far because of supporters on Patreon that has been able to happen. And I am so thankful, so very thankful, for each and every single one of you. And so, I would like to count a few more of you among there and so I would ask consider supporting the show either at patreon.com/CanISayThisAtChurch or go into your show notes and partner with a new service called Glow. And it works slightly different for a different reason and a different purpose. And then again, as the holidays are approaching there is a store at Can I Say This At Church store, some fun things in there, but if there's something that you're like, Yeah, I would, I would rock that. Click that hit the button ships everywhere on the planet. Let me know what to think of it. So some caveats for today's conversation. I spoke with Professor soon genre who co wrote a book with Mark Charles.

The book is deeply gripping entirely for me, I think abrasive is the correct word, and worth every single moment that it took to read it, and I may reread it again. And so that book is called Unsettling Truths, which is about the ongoing dehumanizing legacy of the Doctrine of Discovery. So I'll hit pause there, way back in like February of 2018. I talked with Mark about the Doctrine of Discovery. And so I would maybe hit pause right now and go back and listen to that one. That's going to give you some context. And I tell you why, Mark, because he's running for President was unable to join the show. Even though I tried my best to make it work. We just couldn't do it with three different schedules. And so I have Professor Soong-Chan Rah, you're going to hear us talking on an old school telephone, and so the audio quality is slightly less than what we normally have, but the content is fantastic. It's challenging, it's needed. So here we go. conversation about unsettling Truth America, the church trauma, so many different topics with Professor Soong-Chan Rah.

Seth 4:43

Professor Soong-Chan Rah, so there's like seven or eight people that have been on the show twice. There's even fewer number that have on the show more than twice and so I'm excited to welcome you back to the show! Yours is one of my favorite episodes on American exceptionalism because I think it's a timely message. Regardless of the year, sadly enough that we did back in the day, and I think a lot of what we talked about there will shed some light on, on what we'll talk about today on unsettling truths in America as we break that apart again, but I'm really looking forward to the conversation and welcome back to the show.

Soong-Chan 5:20

Very glad to be back here and to be back on.

Seth 5:22

You and another past guest of the show, Mark Charles, wrote a book called Unsettling Truths, which then has a large subtitle, the ongoing dehumanizing legacy of the Doctrine of Discovery. And so I want to preface for those listening. I normally have the guests say a bit about themselves and kind of their upbringing, but we've done that already in the prior episode, and so we won't waste those 10 minutes. We'll use those a little bit more wisely today. But it is important, I think, as a framework for the conversation and so those that are listening should probably go back and hear that, but real quickly. What do you mean when you say unsettling truths?

Soong-Chan 6:01

Yeah, you know, as you probably know, many of the book titles go under multiple transition and changes and originally the working title and we were working through the book itself, the title was truth be told. And part of the reason we never went with that title as good for the books by that same title, so it was a little redundant.

But the idea, the central theme of that was, what is what are some truths out there that are truth that is out there in our history, and especially around our stories around kind of American identity in American politics, that we in the American church that we just tend not to talk about. And so essentially, that obviously, on both titles was the idea of a truth that needed to be told, truth and need to be revealed, and a truth that had not been told. Whether it's in our history books, whether it's in our churches or in our kind of ministry context, and certainly within kind of American Christian circles. These are truths that have not been told. Now the play on word, it's our editor Al really deserves a lot of credit for putting this together, the idea of settling, you know, the whole idea of settler colonialism that this nation was invaded or this landmass was invaded by European colonialist who were settler colonialists. And so they came into settle land that was not theirs. They weren't discovers of the land as well, you know, as the book tries to unpack that they were settlers of the land, and kind of interlopers in the land. And so the idea of unsettling is kind of a play on words there as well as talking about settler colonialism, and shuttling that needs to occur and also these truths to be told.

Seth 7:44

I like a good play on words. And I'm really sad that I didn't realize that before you said it. Although now that you say it it is self evident, because in the back of my mind, the last time that I heard about this text was from Mark, and he I think he kept calling it truth be told and every time that we would email back and forth as well, either way the history of our country. Once you get past the you know MacLaughlin, Hill approved literature for eighth grade history class is crazy.

So I want to begin with your right towards the beginning of the book you talk about and and if it's all right, I'd like to quote a few places I actually don't remember when the book is out. But by the time the book is out, I won't be I won't be plagiarizing this. So, there's a part where you all talk about the power of metaphors. And you talk about George Lakoff and assert that metaphors, you know, are a particular form of communication, and they impact the formation of social reality, and the institutions that function in that society. And so, I want you to break those two apart. So what do we mean when we mean like a social metaphor, impacting social reality? Like, what does that actually mean for someone not engaged in that type of thought process?

Soong-Chan 8:59

Sure. So I've tried to engage how social reality comes into being and what is the social reality the cultural you that we live in? And there's significant work on this and sociology circle is probably the, the landmark work was by Peter Berger and Thomas Luqman when they talk about three different factors that form social reality. And one of the key factors and the language I use is a little bit different from burger and local language, but Berglund loves and called internalization, I use the word narratives. And narratives are the stories the metaphor and the imagination that gets the embedded or embodied or internalized within our society, and within the individuals, that we play out over and over and over and over and over again.


And so I use the example that systems and structures might actually come and go at times like a system the structure of slavery, and then once lately as an institution is broken down, its replaced by another institution, in this case Jim Crow. And then even when Jim Crow was torn down, it's replaced by another institution, The New Jim Crow. So you have three systems that are operating, essentially the same way they are oppressive towards people, particularly African Americans.

So you have the systems that you thought you were overcoming, you thought you were tearing down, you thought you were breaking down. But what you didn't deal with were the narratives that were fueling these systems. And so what I point out is that we can keep tearing down these systems that don't deal with the fuel that drove the systems in the first place that identifies narratives, you're going to end up rebuilding the system and reworking the system over and over again.

And so how our narratives form is the question that's being asked you in this chapter, narratives are formed through the social imagination, narrative form and how, how is imagination imagination is formed through metaphors to embodied experience. And so that, to me was a very interesting concept, of course, and other kind of communication experiences have been dealing with, which is we don't always operate out of self interest. We sometimes operate out of embodied experiences and emotions and feelings that become a part of our narrative, imagination, and worldview. And so sometimes it's it goes beyond rationality, sometimes it goes beyond kind of human logic, because it has become so embedded and embodied in who we are, to some extent explains what I call the “Trump Evangelical effect”. Which is that certain narratives that become so embedded within the Evangelical circles, that it was very hard to even escape some of the logic, some of the rationality, because these emotions have been so deeply embedded.

So part of the questions we're asking is, what are these narratives? What are these embedded American metaphors and embodying experiences that have shaped our Christianity and you can trace the history of the Doctrine of Discovery to show how profoundly this dysfunctional imagination of the Doctrine of Discovery, which essentially white supremacy or European supremacy, how that has lived its way out in American society and American Christianity.

Seth 12:22

One of the questions I'm always asking myself is if I'm calling and I often call on this podcast, for growth and for the church to grow and be more prophetic, like do just do it better. If you can't, like, be more Christ like, but at the risk of becoming the next institution that then takes that power that you vote, you know, that you've you've taken as you as you grow, and become the next institution that oppresses and so I don't want to mix metaphors and I may be mixing a metaphor, but I want to drill down a bit to what you were talking about there with that Trump. What did you call it Trump evangelicalism now it's not what you said, right? Maybe that is what you said. What do you mean by life? As you talked about the logic of that, like, what do you mean the logic of that?

Soong-Chan 13:11

Sure. So if you look at, for example, the history of evangelicalism, and this is actually not in the book it's in some of my more recent academic work, and hopefully this will be published in my next book about evangelicalism. A book about African American evangelicalism and the way African American evangelicalism was rejected by the larger general movement. And what I’m looking at there is the way the definition of evangelicalism has changed. So that's what I mean by systems and structures come and go. What define, what was the boundaries around it and delicate Christianity. And earlier on its history, if you go back and I'm talking about American evangelicalism and its unique iterations, you go back to you know, the reformed evangelical movement that you can trace all the way back to Jonathan Edwards and say, that was theological driven. It wasn't theology that somebody agrees with somebody say it's, you know, it's not exactly what I believe in. But it was a theological boundary. It was around Reformed theology. It was around human depravity and God's grace. And you know, these are very key theological markers.

And then you see this in kind of a neo-evangelical movement, and you can see it in fundamentalism. And so even if you may not agree with every little point, that's a theological definition of evangelicalism was at least a theological discussion. But these systems and structures come and go. And what happened was that new systems began to be formed that was not necessarily theological in nature but more social, political and cultural in nature. And so in the 70s, when you see the rise of evangelicalism in kind of the social cultural arena, you see much more politicized and evangelicalism, you see the emergence of the “religious right”. You see kind of the time of conservative politics with conservative theology. You see, kind of Republican, religious right base for evangelicalism being the base of that group.

So what you're seeing is these systems are being replaced and new systems are taking its place. And so Trump Evangelicalism is another system that takes over from the previous system. So you had a system called the religious right and the religious right had certain boundaries. It wasn't necessarily theological it was socio-political. It was about prayer in schools, it was about, you know, opposition to same sex marriage, it was about anti-abortion. These are all, you know, markers of what defined a evangelical in the 80s and 90s and 2000s particularly. What was interesting about the Trump Evangelicals is that a lot of those things didn't really matter anymore. Prayer in school, nobody talked about that for decades. If you remember, I don't think people do but in the lead up to the 2016 election, when the Republican Party had their debates; I think it was about the seventh or eighth debate that finally talked about abortion. And so what was the driving system that drove evangelicals to Trump? Well, a lot of it was anti immigration, a lot of it was anti Obama, a lot of it was anti-Muslim. There was a kind of a new system, and people are just kind of still bought into the system.

So what do you see is that systems come and go. But the underlying narrative that drives these systems continue along their merry way. And these metaphors become so embedded, that we actually act in contradiction to ourselves. We actually act in contradiction to what we claim is our value system, and it's what we’ve been talking about is how can we support the factors around this president, you know? The lies and manipulation affairs, I mean, you name it, he's done it in terms of what is not a Christian behavior. And as we've also talked about in the media and other places, the Evangelical support has unwavered. I mean, it has been rock solid, it's the base out of which he will go into the 2020 election.

And so new systems kept taking the place. But the underlying narratives that fueled these systems have actually never been confronted. So this is a little bit outside of the scope of the book. But what I learned before is that what you're seeing is, no matter what the system is, if you don't deal with the underlying narrative, these systems will keep playing itself out in new forms or in different forms. And we'll lose ourselves in the process. Which I think is clearly happening with the Trump Evangelical movement.

We've lost ourselves. We've lost who we are as an American Christian community. So what you end up having is the narrative of American exceptionalism, the narrative of white supremacy, these narratives go along their merry way. And we keep saying, oh, “we're changing the system over the years” “Oh, we've got you know, we're trying to do different things.”

No. Actually, we're not. We really haven't changed all that much because the nature has not been dealt with. And that's what the book is trying to address in saying, What are these embedded narratives? There's so many of them, but the Doctrine of Discovery, which again, is a reflection of kind of a white exceptionalism-white supremacy, that narrative has held in American history all throughout; and then it goes back, you know, predates American history.

But the sense of American exceptionalism and a sense of kind of white supremacy has been a narrative that has been deeply embedded in our kind of worldview and in our kind of narrative worldview.

Seth 18:30

Well, that was my next question. Actually, I have a follow up question and then I will get back to the question on the Doctrine of Discovery. I often hear, and I want to make sure I phrase this correctly because I 100% agree with you, especially your talk about Trump evangelicalism, I genuinely think it is damaging the church and possibly irreparably. And for those who listen to the show. I don't really talk about politics a lot, but I'm I'm happy to say that like I think it is genuinely damaging, I'll use a bad church words. the “testimony” of the faith for lack of a better way to say it. But do you feel like often the inverse of that coin so if Trump is the tail side, the head side would be the exact opposite, is equally damaging at times? Because I feel like we always pick on whoever's in power and then we forget to talk about (the other side). Do you think that or no?

Soong-Chan 19:21

Well, that's one of the things that we kind of address in the book that, you know, it's not a political party issue. It's not necessarily a left/right democrat/republican issue, because American exceptionalism, this kind of sense of white superiority or white centrality and is actually evident on both sides, both sides of the aisle, you know, you have a different angle on American exceptionalism, but its exceptionalism In either case. So you know, this is actually more Mark’s line, but you know, I stand behind it as well. That's what you had in 2016. The election was Trump saying, Let's make America great by going back to certain time periods. And Hillary saying America is already great. And you saw that at the convention, the speeches that were given at the convention, the Republicans say we got to bring greatness back. We got to bring American exceptionalism back. And the Democrats saying no American exception is already in place. Now, I might be more in agreement with the Democrats view because of, you know, other parts of the platform. But the idea that American greatness can come from its diversity. Whereas the other side, you might say, no, they're actually seeing American exceptionalism in kind of a white American, you know, identity, and so on that love, I may be more sympathetic to the Democratic perspective.

But the underlying narrative that drives in both dysfunctional parties is American exception. And so that is really antithetical to the gospel. The belief that a single nation in this day and age can be the chosen nation, when the Scriptures only testify to Israel as the chosen nation, and that you know, arguably is for that time period within the Scriptures. There is actually zero indication, zero idea that America, the United States of America is the exceptional, chosen nation of God. But again, these narratives have played itself out in so many ways that it doesn't matter what party you belong to the idea of American exceptionalism is going to find its way into the rhetoric.

Seth 21:25

So I want to give a bit of context. So the Doctrine of Discovery is something for you know, I've talked about with Mark in the past, although well before this book was written, although I think he was working on it. And the last time I talked to them, he just published a long form blog piece about Abraham Lincoln, February of 2018, I think is when he published it somewhere around there. So that's kind of where he was when I spoke with him. So I don't want to spend a lot of time on that because we talked about that in depth, you know, with the papal bulls and that type of stuff, in that episode. But I do want to focus a bit on Christian Empire and the term Christendom because the way that you'll talk about that term Christendom when I talked or thought about Christendom, I've always thought of like the body of believers, like all of the Christians, the church could also be the Christendom. But that's not really the way that y'all approach Christendom here. Can you kind of go back in time, millennia ago, and kind of break apart for listeners where the Church hitched its wagon and wedding ring to Empire?

Soong-Chan 22:26

Yeah, so the idea of Christians and I mean, you're going to get, you're right, there's going to be kind of multiple uses of this term to actually one of the more intriguing uses by Philip Jenkins and his book, The next Christendom, and he's using that term the way you described it, which is the whole of Christianity, the whole of Christendom. But remember, you know, the word “dom” there at the end of Christian is “kingdom”, you know, dominion. And so the idea of that word even kind of the root word where Christendom would be kind of the amalgamation of Christianity and Kingdom/Empire.

And so that's where we point out that, where did that intersection or blending or bleeding together of church and state of Christianity and Empire; where did that begin to happen? And most obviously point towards Constantine, you know you have centuries of oppression of the church by the state, the Roman Empire is brutally in it’s oppression and persecution of the church. Then you get a highly political move, but you know, this is all this is arguable but yet a highly political move by a Roman Emperor by the name of Constantine, who kind of declares, you know, he's a Christian now and the Roman Empire is now a Christian state, and he's going to go out and conquer under the banner of Christendom. And that is where many point to this kind of conflation of church and state is conflation of Christianity and empire.

In our book with Mark and I work to (towards) is that that was not a Christian move, it was not a move of the Holy Spirit of God. This is a Satanic move in some sense that there's conflation of church and state, this kind of seeking of empire by the church. And the example that we give is of the city as the church historian who is talking about the martyrdom of the church. But then when Constantine is kind of emerging into power, he kind of hitches the churches wagon to Constantine power, and sees Constantine is kind of saving the church out of its persecution. Which is kind of interesting, because that shouldn't be the role of the state that should be the role of Jesus. You know, to save the church and so you're seeing kind of early on the buying into the narrative that a state could save the church; or the state will help the church. When actually throughout most of its early history, the church was surviving by identifying itself over and against the state. And so what you see in the rise of Constantine and the Holy Roman Empire and the way that, that the Roman Empire kind of under the Edict of Milan and under Constantine embraces this idea of a “Christian nation”, and that narrative becomes embedded in kind of Western society, and it becomes a part of the storyline for Western culture.

What's interesting to me is where that line, and obviously, we try to trace that line through to the doctrine of discovery, so that this mindset of believing that a state could be, in some sense, an expression of the church or vice versa, and that there's kind of this blurring of the lines between the church and the state allows for the Pope to say to the state, in this case, to Spain and Portugal, you are now the agents of God, your destruction, your enslavement, your genocide even is now as agents of God.

And so that becomes one of the most dysfunctional expressions of Christendom. But it doesn't just happen in the 15th century with the Doctrine of Discovery. It traces all the way back to Constantine and the emergence of the idea of a Christendom, a Christian Kingdom here on Earth.

Seth 26:47

So I don't quite understand this is something that I've I don't think I've ever asked out loud, is the early church and from what I understand, was an entire they were more focused on you know, the way quote The way of self sacrificial love like martyr just just an entirely different version of the church and what we have today and something I think, hopefully one day we can be called back to. How did it…how…how did it get conscripted? Because I can't see. I mean, people have always been or at least they are now so quickly to brand people as heretics. So how did something like that become the status quo? Because I feel like there should have been a large church body. And this is me with no historical learning at all on this. I felt like there should have been a large cry of the church saying, “No, no, no Constantine”, and “no, no, no, Augustine, we don't do this; this is not what we do”. Was there not that? And if so, how was it kind of quelled?

Soong-Chan 27:50

Yeah, I mean, you can see that throughout history I mean, you know, the I can look at it from two angles. I can look at God's sovereignty in that through it all God does retain a remnant. God is never unfaithful in His sustaining of the church. And even if there is this kind of a “falling out” by the church in then falling into the temptation, you know, ironically, it is the exact temptation that Jesus’ was positioned from faith in the scriptures. But it's kind of falling into the temptation. God is still faithful to retain a remnant of sorts. And you know, there's actually a wonderful book by Vince Bantu that's coming out soon that talks about the history of the global church that goes all the way back to the 1st Century. So, if you can, have Vince on the show to talk about his new book where he talks about how African Christianity and non Western Christianity and how there was a remnant of faithfulness there as well. And so, you know, on that kind of big picture level, we can always say, God is faithful to continue to sustain and to and to continue to work to his church and the Protestant Reformation is a reflection of that. The non Western European church is a reflection of that.

And so, you know, on that level, we can continue to say God's sovereign rule over the church. Do we call them into question? I don't think we should. And then on the other level, this may be points to what we see in Acts chapter 2, that the Holy Spirit does truly fall upon all the people. It does not just fall on Peter, it doesn't just fall on the apostles, and the 12. It falls on all the people, all the believers that have gathered. And so I do believe that maybe that's one of the way God sustains that there is a faithful remnant that is oftentimes what is what we would see people on the grassroots people in their local churches. And that's kind of my hope, even to the present reality that even as we're seeing this, what I would argue some kind of stupidity around these really dysfunctional narratives that play in American society. We still have the faithful remnant of the local churches, we still have those that are having conversations like this.

We still have, you know, students in seminary that I’m privileged to work with, who understand that this is not the way the church should be. The question is, do we just get power, do these kind of folks see something wrong here? Just get more power? Or do we seek new communities and new expressions of the faith, or we did the old expressions of faith maybe, but create communities and create expressions that demonstrate that the meta narratives are dysfunctional and causing so much pain are not new narratives.

So we create narratives or we express the old narratives, the true narrative. And I think God, in His faithfulness ,always has that remnant that continues to try to seek out a faithful witness. And it should not always be the loudest voice in the room, you know, because it became a loud voice and it would become, it would get caught up in the same system again, and it will be as simple as the old system because it will get it into the trap narrative of, you know, a person who can speak for everybody, you know, key leaders and can do all the thinking for us. So in some sense, the fact that we don't have an anti-Trump in the Christian community or anti-Franklin Graham was Robert Jeffries in the Christian community, that might actually be a good thing that there is no one or two voices, who are like superstars. Who are getting a national public audience. Maybe that's not a bad thing that we actually, are hopefully, the remnant that are living this out in their local church in ways that provide a counter narrative to what is the dominant narrative in power.

Seth 32:10

There's a part of your book, and I wrote it down, although I don't quite…I usually write down page numbers, and so I can't find it—I've been searching a little bit off and on. You talk a bit about, like myself perception emerges and by proxy, the church that I'm a part of, because I'm going to bring my lens as a person to my church from a dysfunctional theology. And then I also think that y'all argue that you know, that dysfunctional theology was brought here as a European mindset. And so what do you mean by dysfunctional theology?

Soong-Chan 32:48

You know, that influence comes from my doctoral work with Willie Jennings, who was my doctoral advisor at Duke is now at Yale. And you know, in his book, Christian Imagination, he talks about-he actually uses the phrase diseased imagination, and I'm just kind of riffing on that concept. And it goes back to the idea that, how does our social reality, how does their worldview, how do our narratives get formed? It comes out of our imagination, but my imagination, let's say making stuff up, you know, kind of fairy tales and things, imagination in this context, theological imagination, social imagination, is the possibility of the way the world can be…the way you organize thoughts and ideas around the world. So it isvery much about narratives, worldview, even metaphors come into play here.

And so the idea is that if we have a diseased imagination, and we externalize that diseased imagination that comes from our messed up metaphors are messed up meta narratives, then we're going to end up forming dysfunctional, diseased, theological framework and theological imagination. That's where the baseline of that definition comes from. That…is there a place where we have formed our theology and shaped our theological categories and our theological discourse, and emerged out of a disease imagination emerged out of dysfunctional metaphors emerged out of shameful tendencies. And that's a very important question, as I think for any theologian and historian, academic, or pastor, to say, “I don't have it, all right. And so therefore, there are times when my imagination, my theology, my social reality is going to have some sinful aspects to them”. And so one of the questions asked is, well, let's identify, let's identify the places where the theology has gone off the rails, let's identify the places where our theology comes out of a diseased imagination, rather than out of the Scriptures.

And that's one of the things we're pointing out that the Doctrine of Discovery at its time was considered good theology. And obviously, in retrospect, we look back and say, “Whoa, where did it Where did that come from?” But I'm asking you the question, well, how does that dysfunction theology gets replayed over and over and over and over and over again. And so we can look back and say, Discovery Oh, that's terrible! But I'm saying that the narrative that drove the Doctrine of Discovery, the imagination that drove this dysfunctional theological framework of the Doctrine of Discovery is still playing out in our churches today. It's still playing out in American society today.

So I think, you know, as an academic, as pastors, as church leaders, one of the most important things we can ask is, where are the places our theology is broken? Where are the places of theology is not quite coming from the place of Scripture, but it's actually coming from a diseased imagination? I think I might have said this in the last podcast but it’s good to reiterate here about, to me, the distinction, and this isn’t in this book it is in my previous writing. The distinction is between truth pursue and truth possess. What something like the doctrine of discovery does and what kind of the rigid barriers we have around our theology does is help us, or make us assume, or allows us to assume that we own the truth-that we possess the truth. And if I look at history, every time a person says, I own the truth, or I possess the truth, it's led to tyranny.

Joseph Stalin owned the truth. Adolf Hitler owned the truth. Andrew Jackson owned the truth. That's why it's interesting when a political leaders says I know what's best. I know what to do. That kind of ownership of truth. “I alone know how to fix this.” That always scares me.

No matter who the Democrat, Republican, obviously, our current president says that over and over again, in my wisdom, I can figure this out. I'm the one that knows how to do this. That kind of language always scares me. Yeah, yeah, that's right, because I know what I'm doing. So that kind of the truth possessed, I don't think is really the way we should be doing theology. Truth pursuit, on the other hand, to me makes more sense. It's the idea that we were trying to get to the truth. Now, none of us own the truth. Because if we did we would be God. That was the kind of basic sin of Genesis 2 wasn’t it? The assumption that Adam and Eve could own the truth and possess it in their food that they ate. I mean, you know, that was a that's, that's a very, very basic premise of original sin. And so the idea that you can own that truth, and that nobody else, can actually, you know, call you out on that. That's a very dysfunctional theology. But the fact that you can pursue the truth and go after truth, that to me feels more like what the Scripture seems to testify to. And so the Doctrine of Discovery was a dysfunctional, theological, framework, imagination, that was an owned truth theology, and that was very dysfunctional. One of the questions to ask is, what are the assumptions of possessed truth that you own the truth that is playing itself out over and over again now to the point that it leads to a dysfunctional theology?

Seth 37:56

Trying to find I have a question (I found the quote). There is a part of the book on dysfunctional theology and the impact of it. And the bed that that is made of, you know, taking a theological Doctrine of Discovery and then amplifying that to an empire and then just basically killing people because that's I'll use a lyric from one of my favorite songs from Propaganda, which is, you know,

that's my land, I licked it

you know, like, like a second or third grade mentality. I don't know if you've heard that song or not. The lyric is something about blah, blah, blah, we have a we have a destiny to manifest because that's my land. And in your land, you're now trespassing or something like that. I'm, I'm not a real artist, and it's very good song. If I can find it. I'll send it to you. It's a very good song.

Soong-Chan 38:41

Okay.

Seth 38:42

However, there is a quote about from Richard Pratt, and then just for context, yeah, he is the one that basically created the Indian Boarding Schools to what did you say save the man destroy the savage or something like that? I don't think I'm saying that quite right. But sadly there's a quote that I literally got confused on and so I'm hoping you can help me make some sense of it. So, one of you says Dietrich Bonhoeffer examines this approach to sin in creation and fall. Bonhoeffer posits

that man's limit is in the middle of his existence, not the edge. The limit, which we look for on the edge is the limit of his condition of his technology of his possibilities. The limit in the middle is the limit of his reality of his true existence.

I read that about 20 times. I don't know what means..can you tell me what that means?

Soong-Chan 39:38

(Laughter)

Sure, I mean, I had to throw Bonhoeffer in there somewhere. So you know, I thought it was going to be fun because as as you probably know, Bonhoeffer is used by everyone differently. So someone like Eric Metaxas can make Bonhoeffer whatever he wants him to be kind of a right wing, you know, fascist and others take Bonhoeffer in different ways. I, my teacher of Bonhoeffer was actually Jay Carter, at Duke, and he said that he went to Dallas Theological Seminary, very fundamentalist conservative school, Southern Methodist University, which was a more mainline liberal school and then he went to UVA. So three graduate degrees. And all three of them love Bonhoeffer. All three schools love Bonhoeffer and all three use Bonhoeffer very differently.

So I'll preface my remarks by actually saying, you know, when we talk about Bonhoeffer, you have to give a lot of latitude for where people are gonna go, people going to go to lot of different directions. Where I take that quote, is to understand because that's the context of again, but the context of the book is creation and fall. It's about the fall of Adam and Eve and fall of humanity. And that the great sin that Adam and Eve committed was not actually you know, kind of disobeying God in that God said no and we're disobeying God, in kind of maybe the most mundane sense of the word or even the act itself of eating something that was forbidden. It was the attempt by Adam and Eve to transgress and go across the limits that God had set in their humanity, right. And so, God as God, sets a limit for humanity. Human beings in their hubris, in their pride, in their sinful nature, what becomes the sinful nature says, I will not staying within those boundaries, I will move beyond the limits.

And so humanity was created to exist within the limit. And this is again, my interpretation of Bonhoeffer here, and the act of taking that fruit, the forbidden fruit, was to transgress and move beyond that limit. And so what dysfunctional theology does is it transgress the limits. God did not put humanity here on Earth, to act like gods over other people. To say in that or out of the image of God to say, “I alone have it, I possess it. You people over there and Africa, you people over there in North America, the natives, you don't have it.”

That's the ultimate act of transgressing the limit, where you take a gift of God, the image of God, and now you own that. And now you operate out of that…you transgress the limit of it. (Yet) God gave you the image of God, God created you in his image, for a purpose, not to lord it over others, not to say I have it others don’t. But to actually live in community, actually, to love one another as you know, as those who are made in the image of God as care for one another as those were made in the image of God. And so what Bonhoeffer is pointing towards is the opposite of that idea of the Doctrine of Discovery. The dysfunctional expression of a human being, clearly transgressing the limits, to say, “I own the truth. I own the image of God, and therefore I can act in this way towards another person”. Bonhoeffer would say he were transgressing the limits.

Seth 43:17

I want to end with at least with maybe this one. And if we have time for one more, but there is there are two chapters at the end. And they both deal with trauma. One is the trauma inflicted, and then the other is the trauma-the PTSD is a result of the bombshell of that trauma. And the way I read PTSD, and that what I'm hearing there is the ultimate ramifications for my children. So this trauma is affecting me, but that PTSD is going to affect the next generation. And I know based from your story, from when we spoke last as well as Mark, like you both had trauma related to race and all those tensions. And so how does trauma fit into this Doctrine of Discovery and the church, and then what do we do with that? Because I think when the church has the mirror pointed back at it, I don't know how to fix it. Like I don't know what to do. I even if I can admit that, even if we could all tomorrow admit what needed to be fixed the systematic part of the institution is not built to run on that diesel fuel were built to run on kerosene, or whatever. So how does drama relate to this?

Soong-Chan 44:30

You know, what I'm hoping with those two chapters, and Mark might have a different opinion on this, what I'm hoping is that a psychologist, researcher, a PhD in psychology, will take that chapter and really run with it. There is another interesting book that's coming out Sheila Rowe, I did the foreword for her book, and she's a licensed psychiatrist who looks at the issue of race through the lens of trauma. It's brilliant. I would really strongly suggest that book as well.

But the idea of trauma and the role of trauma especially in kind of racialized history is…two things that I wanted to point out. And that is 1: the role of trauma in a complex way that is generational. I think we talked about the last time that, you know, there's actually now, kind of clinical studies done, on the way trauma plays itself out multi-generationaly. There's a book called a Post Traumatic Slave Syndrome. And slavery has had a traumatic impact multiple generations later. And it was actually a clinical study that was done recently about kind of multi generational impact of the Holocaust, that grandchildren, the Holocaust survivors or Holocaust victims are still experiencing the trauma from you know, two or three generations back.

By the way, this is interesting, but the the Amazon TV show Transparent, which is supposed to be about kind of the transgender community. It actually, in the final season, really, there's some religion stuff with Judaism and you see in kind of children of a virtual grandparents of the Holocaust, who are in their 30s, feel the effect of the Holocaust three generations down. So I mean, you know, you don't want to watch it for kind of the trans story it’s really interesting-some of the religious motifs that come along, especially on Judaism, and a third generational impact of Holocaust on a third generation of Jewish survivors.

So, you know, what it's shown is that stress and trauma, like genocide and Holocaust, don't just have one generation of impact but have multiple generational impacts. So could slavery have that impact? The genocide of native boarding schools? Certainly, we've seen that in kind of the Khmer Rouge massacre, where survivors and their children and grandchildren of the Cambodian massacre are still feeling the effects of it and certainly the Holocaust as well. So I think that's something to consider of kind of this generational, multi, kind of social systemic narrative based type of change. So this goes against the idea that, you know, racism is just the a personal thing, it's an individual thing. No, it's not just only a structural systemic thing, it could have generational effect and trauma could have a generational effect.

But the other part that was really kind of interesting for Mark and I to kind of work through and I'm hoping that a trained psychiatrist or PhD in psychiatry could maybe pick up on this idea of the victimizer is also suffering PTSD. And this was a little more anecdotal. There is some emerging research on this. I believe it's coming out of Brigham Young University and there's a couple of other places where there is an emerging research but it's not comprehensive yet.

So you know, there's others who can kind of pick up on this, of the idea that the victim as also experiences trauma. Now, anecdotally, what you see is that sometimes it's the drone operators that have PTSD. You know, they just dropped the bomb on some unknown village somewhere, and they leave that bunker shell shocked. Now, they never experienced physical trauma, they never actually will physically harmed by what was going on, they were the ones that actually got the bomb. [Yet} They still feel the trauma. So could it be that the victimizers could also feel a trauma. And so talking about is an entire nation that has been traumatized, an entire nation that has been profoundly wounded both victims and victimizers.

And that's where you know, practices like lament are so critical because lament, clearly the Scripture lament is one of the ways that Israel deals with trauma, that lamentation is the…is this incredible lament experience after the most traumatic experience that Israel could experience the fall of Jerusalem. And so I would love for others to kind of pick up on those two chapters and go a little further with it because I believe, you know, we kind of, you know, kind of scratched the surface on that issue. But I do believe that there is a profound trauma and people are acting out of trauma, and even the victimizers are acting out of trauma. And so what they're seeing is a traumatized nation that has different ways of experiencing trauma, the victim versus the victimizer, but it's still trauma nonetheless.

Seth 49:07

Those two chapters. I really liked them a lot. It was new information for me. And yeah, I don't I don't know where I sit with it yet, but I hadn't really considered that. And honestly, Professor, I thought about it more than America because it's not just America that has really wronged and treated indigenous tribes. very poorly. I mean, New Zealand, Australia, like it's not just America like it is a worldwide trauma. And that's just a powder keg, of of Oh yeah, of things, but I'm not qualified to have that conversation. But that's what it made me think of as…andn really, part of that is because I've started to have listeners from New Zealand in recent years and they've asked me about it and I’m like, you know, I don't know anything about that, but that sounds really familiar. You know, with what I'm used to.

Soong-Chan 50:03

So I was in Melbourne, I suppose the last year two years ago, there's this incredible conference where they're trying to bring in kind of Euro-Australian Christians with Indigenous tribes, and it was one of the most moving conferences I've ever been to. Where they really made an effort to affirm and lift up Indigenous Christian communities as leaders they were kind of central to almost all the conversations I was coming in as an outsider; but worship was led by Indigenous Aboriginal peoples. So, you know, I would love to see more of these kind of conversations occur. Certainly New Zealand, Australia, Canada, you know, we've seen these kinds of settler colonial impact, and you know, they are these common threads. So I know there is a scholar in Melbourne, Mark Brett, who has actually done some writing on the Doctrine of Discovery as well. So there's these themes carry through kind of any place where European settlers have displaced and, you know, genocide of Native communities, a lot of the same things are coming to New Zealand, Australia, Canada.

Seth 51:12

How do you spell his last name that Mark,

Soong-Chan 51:14

Brett - BRETT. And he's at the Melbourne University, (a) Biblical scholar who's done some great work on Doctrine of Discovery.

Seth 51:26

I love new voices. So I've written down all three of those names, although Vince’s is I still don't know how to say his last name either. But I get that from you in a minute. There is a lot in this book. And we literally barely scratched the surface, and we don't have any more time. And so I want to give you the last word like if I missed something that you want to make certain that people as they begin to engage with the book. If I missed something and all that you're like, no, as you read it, keep this in the back of your mind. That this is what you need to have sitting on your shoulder as you read through it. What would you say?

Soong-Chan 51:55

I mean, I would argue for the larger themes. I mean, there's a lot of information in there. A lot of content, a lot of kind of historical information that, you know, it's probably going to be new. But I will, I will keep the eye on the bigger theme around where did all of this comes from? How did this happen? And the dysfunctional imagination and narratives that are so deeply embedded, that they keep playing itself out over and over and over again. So, you know, we're going to have some conversations, and some people are going to have some like minutiae here and there. “Well, I don't interpret this as this way, I don't think you should look back on the history this way”.

That's fine.

What Mark and I are asking is these large narratives that have been so profoundly embedded in American society that keep playing themselves out, over and over again, how are they manifesting itself now? So that's what I would keep in the back of the mind. How are all of these storylines contributing to this very large, narrative, theological imagination, dysfunctional imagination, how did this all come to pass? And maybe begin to ask well…what does it mean to begin to dismantle that need to create counter narratives to speak against?

Seth 53:12

Plug the places I will plug Mark, so you can get ahold of Mark, since he's not here to speak for himself at wirelesshogan.com, I believe is where you can get everything related to Mark. But where do people go to engage with you a bit and to learn more about what you're doing, possibly grab some of those other texts that you were talking about?

Soong-Chan 53:32

Sure. You could also look up MarkCharles2020.

Seth 53:37

Dropped the ball. I'm sorry, Mark. (laughter both)

Soong-Chan 53:41

That's probably where he wants most people to go.

Soong-Chan 53:44

No, I'm not really a social media savvy guy, but @profrah on Twitter and I have a “face page face”. Facebook page that people can look up. I've maxed out on my friends, but I am trying to get a little more activity on the opinions that I'm working on, but I'm not very good at it. But Twitter and Facebook are the two places to kind of follow. And, you know, to be honest, I'm really not good at social media, mostly to keep up with my teenage kids. But I do post offender and every once in a while to Twitter and Facebook.

Seth 54:22

I like that “I'm not good at social media or the ‘face page’.” I like that makes me…makes me laught

Soong-Chan 54:29

(Laughter) pretty much summed it up for me.

Seth 54:33

(Still laughing) I very, very much appreciate you coming back on pleasure as always love to do it again. Let's plan it for another 18 months, that seems to be our cadence. So let's do that.

Soong-Chan 54:42

That sounds perfect. That sounds perfect.

Seth Outro 55:08

I have spent a lot of time since reading the book and since talking with Professor about considering social reality, and how those truths matter, I spent some time in DC with my son actually. And I just kept walking past and having conversations with people, random people about so many things and asking them questions about this book. And I will tell you that conversation is needed. This book I think is needed, but the conversation itself is needed because I think, and if I can ever get mark on, I think Mark says something all the time that we struggle to have conversations like this at length, because we don't have a shared history. We don't have a shared narrative.

Everybody's coming from thing from a different approach. And nobody quite hears each other. We air quotes here each other but we don't here. actually listen to each other. Because we don't come from shared memory will come from a shared mindset. So I think texts like this. And some of the texts that Professor Soong-Chan talked about at the end there are needed. I strongly encourage you to go out and grab this book. It is gripping. And I think it's needed. You can find the music in today's episode at the link for Can I Say This At Church, the Spotify playlist there, as well as the apple playlist and any other playlist that maybe someone has made as well as in the show notes.

I cannot wait to talk to you next week. I hope as we enter into the holiday season here in the West, that we treat each other kindly that we have conversations with our family and our friends at tables, and that we hear each other that we show compassion with one another, that we can maybe table the bickering and arguing and just love on one another. And if we can't speak without bickering, that maybe we just do something else we go outside and play. We tell stories about great grandma great grandpa we find a way to develop new communities in our families as we enter into the holiday season. Know that you're loved, you've been loved and that you were the Beloved of the Divine.

I'll talk with you next week.

Unearthing Religious Roots with Nora Sophia and Rabbi Peter Tarlow / Transcript

Note: Can I Say This at Church is produced for audio listening. If able, I strongly encourage you to listen to the audio, which has inflection, emotion, sarcasm where applicable, and emphasis for points that may not come across well in written word. This transcript is generated using a combination of my ears and software, and may contain errors. Please check the episode for clarity before quoting in print. — Additional clarification for this episode. I’m not the best with Hebrew and so I may have errors there—please let me know where and when I’ll correct them.

Back to the Audio!


Rabbi Tarlow 0:00

I taught many years, a course at Texas a&m in Biblical philosophy and my students would always say to me, which translation should we bring? And I would say, I don't care because they're all wrong. It doesn't matter. And that's not because the translator is a liar. So in Italian, you do say, to translate it to be treasonous. It's because you cannot take the Hebrew text and translate it into English. So people who are really interested need to take the time to learn the text and how it sets up the world and take the text for what it is, not for what you want to be. So my advice is really, with all due respect to the English Bible, is to learn Hebrew.

Seth Price 0:54

Welcome to the show. Happy Veterans Day. At least I think this will release on Veterans Day and if it didn't, I'm leaving that in and I hope that you had a great Veterans Day anyway. So last week, I had committed to trying to figure out how to make the logo and artwork work on a hat. And I haven't figured that out yet. And so I'm sorry, still plan to get that done before Christmas. And there's been a recent uptick in people over at the store grabbing different things, head over there. CanISaythis@church.com/store and see if there's anything that you'd like to other ways that you can support the show, you can go in the show notes to Glow FM or to patreon.com tried glow last week, we'll see how it goes. It literally is something new, so we're going to give it a go. Because back in the day, PayPal didn't work. But Patreon is where it's at. So I'm beginning to try to do writing. And I'm posting those thoughts there. You get early access to the episodes, all kinds of different things happening over there. Love that community it is by far one of my favorite places. I would encourage you if the show is helping you. You're hearing anything that you like, if you hate this show, but you still want it to continue. Go over to that Patreon there at CanISay thisatchurch.com, click support or Patreon, I forget what it's called exactly, and click that button. Any dollar amount really does help for the show to continue to grow. And because the show does continue to grow, I cannot express my gratitude enough that those supporters are there, literally the engine that drives the show.

So today, I am joined by two guests. And those are always fun, because they're really hard to edit and it's hard to bounce back and forth. And I'm gonna have one of the guests back on, because I have so much more questions about her story, where she's coming from. She has a beautiful story, and I want to dig further into it. But you will hear from both Nora Speakman (now Sophia) and Rabbi Peter Tarlow, and we cover a lot of ground we talked about the fact that I need to learn Hebrew, and you probably should to. We talk about translation and living in an empire. We talked a bit about having multiple jobs and wearing multiple hats and the stress of that. We talked about deconstruction we really talked about a lot love this conversation. I think you will as well. Let me know what you think when you're done listening to it. Here we go.

Seth Price 3:12

Dr. Rabbi Peter Tarlow and Nora Speakman welcome both of you to the show. I don't often have two people at the same time. These are always fun. And they're a blast to edit usually as well. But welcome to you both.

Nora 3:25

Thank you. Thank you, Seth. We're excited to be with you.

Seth Price 3:29

Yeah, I am as well. I'd like to start out the way that I started out almost every episode and then Rabbi Tarlow, so you're the second Rabbi that I spoken with on the show, but probably a handful of rabbis that I've spoken with period, there's not a lot of rabbis, where I met here in the Blue Ridge Parkway. So it's good to speak to someone that can come from a different point of view, which I think is is rare.

Rabbi Tarlow 3:52

Thank you.

Seth Price 3:53

Tell us a bit about you. For those that are listening. They're like okay, so who is this person? What would you want people to know about you? What makes you tick? What makes you; you?

Rabbi Tarlow 3:56

Well, I'm probably your more unusual rabbi. I actually, I would say, I live a legally double life. But in reality, I live a life maybe five or six lives at the same time. I was a Rabbi at Texas A&M University for about 35 years at their Hillel Foundation, working with students. I'm also the chaplain at the College Station Police Department, which is kind of in the same area. I am also the chaplain at the federal prison in Bryan, Texas, where I work with a women's prison. And my main job is to encourage people not to come back to prison. And my PhD specialty is in tourism security and in protecting visitors when they travel. And last but not least, I'm a member of the faculty of Texas A&M Medical School.

Seth Price 5:00

What's your actual job? What do you really tell people if you only have 12 seconds in an elevator?

Rabbi Tarlow 5:04

I'm probably retired and I try to be a good husband and father and grandfather.

Seth Price 5:09

Fair enough, Nora, tell people a bit about you what makes you tick? How do you be the best you?

Nora 5:16

Rabbi keeps me in line. You know for me, Seth, honestly, Rabbi’s life, as he has shared of many hats. I'll never forget when I first met him, and asked him about all of these lives, and I said, “what do you do when you get stressed?” Remember, this conversation Rabbi?

Rabbi Tarlow 5:36

No, not really. Helped me. (Everyone laughs)

Nora 5:41

When I asked you, what do you do when you get stressed? You said, “I tell myself, I'm being so foolish because I have more to be grateful for.”

Rabbi Tarlow 5:50

That's true. I agree with myself. (Laughs more)

Nora 5:57

So he taught me, you know, I think that is, as Americans, and certainly in the realm of Christianity, there is a difference between, I feel like I want to do this and knowing what is the right thing to do; which is what Rabbi has taught me through the beautiful branch of Judaism.

Seth Price 6:18

So you would call yourself a Jew or follower of Judaism? Sure.

Nora 6:23

Sure.

And, yes, but I would say that I was a Christian, if you want to say, “Christian”, for most of my life, and I will tell you that I learned more about what even that was through Rabbi Tarlow.

Seth Price 6:43

Hmm, let me defer to you there Rabbi. Well, actually, yeah I have some follow up questions from your intro there but I’ll get back to those.

So when you hear Nora say that, like, what does that mean? How can a Christian learn more about Christianity through a lens of Judaism?

Rabbi Tarlow 7:00

Well, really, to a great extent Christianity, pure Christianity, is part Judaism. It's only in the fourth century that Christianity split off and really took a facade of Judaism and mixed it with Greek policyism, to create sort of a new religion. But I can't believe Jesus would want to be a Christian, I would think he would want to be a Jew. He lived a Jewish life. He followed Jewish principles. If you go through what Christians call the New Testament all of the uplifting literature in there, it's really, from classical Judaism, be it from the midrashic literature, the Talmudic literature, or the Biblical literature. So it seems to me you really can't be a Christian, whatever that means, if you don't know your roots. It is kind of like saying, I want to be myself but I don't want to know who my parents were. (We all chuckle)

Seth Price 7:55

Well, I mean, I've been a kid before, and I think there's some honesty in that of I don't think anybody wants to hear the truth about what their parents were. Because I know as I get older, and I realize how much smarter my parents were, and also dumber in some places, and I'm sure I'll get there as well, I don't necessarily like those truths, if that makes any sense. So if we take that metaphor, and we break it closer to faith what do we do with those things when when it's extremely uncomfortable?

Rabbi Tarlow 8:23

We learn to live with them. My mother is almost 100 years old and it's very difficult there is a Jewish saying that people with a lot of vinegar live long, and she could be a vinegar factory. But that doesn't mean I get rid of her. It means that I had to learn to live with it, and try to figure out those things that makes me uncomfortable; why do they make me uncomfortable? And what is God's lesson in being uncomfortable and learning how to deal with it?

Seth Price 8:55

Follow up questions from your intro so I want to make sure I was writing everything down so Chaplain at College Station, Chaplain at Texas prison; you said female prison or just penal prison. I wasn't sure I heard that.

Rabbi Tarlow 9:06

Right. So I'm the police chaplain here in College Station, also one of the chaplains at the US federal prison, it's a camp, a prison camp, for a females in Bryan, Texas. I teach at our medical school, I lecture all over the world on tourism security. And I write books, and I was a Rabbi for many years here at Texas A&M University. And I taught in the Department of Sociology. So I tell people, most people are retirement (but) I'm in re-tired-ment with a D.

Seth Price 9:39

You're exhausted, you're exhausted, but you still do seven things. So you said you encourage people not to come back to prison. Do you find that you're successful as a chaplain in that role, or is that a fight against the ocean?

Rabbi Tarlow 9:51

Uh it depends. Some people it is successful. Some people it is a fight against the ocean. If you're successful then they’ve learned whatever lesson it is. They have taken something away from it and they have moved on to a new stage of their life. Those who've learned nothing often come back. Those who've learned something never come back.

Seth Price 10:15

So it is all about the lessons-or I guess, what do they call it, the goal of prison should not be to incarcerate but to educate. I think I've heard somebody say that somewhere and if not I made it up, but I don't think I did. I'm pretty sure those aren't my words.

Rabbi Tarlow 10:29

No, I'm pretty sure you right. Um, you know, the whole concept of prisons is there's many lessons that you could learn in a prison, how to get along with people you don't like. How to share food when you really would prefer not to. How to learn to be a little bit more humble. How to learn to find ways to use time creatively, when you have too much time. How not live a life that's basically the movie Groundhog Day where every day is the same. So, lessons are not only books, but they're also life. And you have to be smart enough to learn those lessons

Seth Price 11:09

Nora question for you. So you graciously gave me some nice preface material for this evening. And in there, though, you said something that caused me to almost reply to the email with a question. And I realized why would I do this because I could just ask you without any ability to prepare ahead of time, because that's so nice of me. But you would you would said that one of the things was powerful for you is that, you know, as Rabbi has taught you how to not read the text forward, because you know the story and allow the text to stand on its own. And so I'd like to define both of those, like, what do you mean by that? And when you say text, are you talking about the Christian Bible, the Catholic Bible, the Jewish Bible, what are we talking about when we say “text”, and then what kind of what does that mean; not reading it forwar?.

Nora 11:55

So I think text for me can be anything in the becomes a road and for us, regardless of what version or what if you're following Buddhism, it doesn't matter. If we become so familiar that it becomes strictly a regurgitation of memory, then it's no longer feeding us anything. So I remember when I first met Rabbi, and I would say, you know in this story where Cain kills Abel and blah blah blah, and he's saying, “hold on”. He would say, go back to the context what are the lessons right in front of you without thinking because you know, the rest of the story? You know what happens next; you know the next chapter.

And so there's so much in that Seth, because if you study for example, the Hebrew text, the Torah, you would know that they don't have the same chapters that we do. We did that in Christianity to the Hebrew text. Theirs is a beautiful flow that makes more sense when you read it all together versus reading it the way we do quoting chapter and verse. It is more of a powerful narrative that is truly as it was supposed to be taught by oral tradition, not by memorizing it.

So, for example, in Genesis, it says that “God told them not to eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil”. We often will say “the fruit” because later Eve says “well he said not to take the fruit”. So there's so much wisdom in Okay, well, what is the tree? What does that represent in our life? And so this rabbinical understanding is, what do you think about it? And as rabbi said, with the Midrashic, every dialogue matters rather than having one absolute answer.

Seth Price 13:58

Rabbi, do you agree because she said that she got got that from you so I want to make sure that we're on the same page?

Rabbi Tarlow 14:03

No we are. I think there are two other basic things that would help. One: Hebrew is a verbal language, English is a static language.

So for example, the word “book” in English refers to something that static, the word sefer it means every time you open the page to get a different story. And so in Hebrew all nouns are verbs and that changes the entire way that you see things. To add to it we don't vocalize Hebrew text, which means that you can read each word multiple ways within context. And because there’s no punctuation it's kind of like reading a Garcia Marquez novel. You don't really know where that verse begins and ends, therefore, it's a never ending flow, which has story and story and story and story. So if you think you know you don't know it. It's only when you know you don't know it that you will be getting closer to beginning to know it.

Example, Nora spoke about the Tree of Life, while the word tree of knowledge, in Hebrew, unless you understand that the word yada means carnal knowledge. Well, that changes things. Or you need to ask the question, if God really didn't want you to eat of that tree why did He put it in the middle of the garden? Why didn’t he put it in a corner someplace where nobody would see it? Maybe the goal was to have a eat from it, because you don't really grow up until you have a sense of the ability to choose. And until you ate from that tree. You know what you had that inability you would be a child forever.

So what Eve is, in Hebrew, Eve is Havah. She is the first Liberator. She's the first one would you do to two key elements. One: the knowledge of everyday would not be the same. Remember I started work at a federal prison, a federal prison is paradise, they feed you, they take care of you, every day is the same there are no challenges. If we lived in that type of Paradise, we'd be in prison. But instead Eve got us out of it, and taught us something else. Without the gift of death you would never create. You'd be like my dog who sits by the swimming pool every day doing nothing. Because we know our time is limited we have to create and it is death that makes us partners with God.

Seth Price 16:41

I've read often that and I'm going to not use death I’ll use something different, without any death at all there's just no new life.

Rabbi Tarlow 16:54

Yes and Havah (Eve) means that which gives life.

Seth Price 17:02

What is a person today that doesn't read a scripture, any scripture, regardless of the religion as a scroll, or as an oral type tradition, like what am I supposed to do with the Bible sitting on my desk because I got seven or eight of them here? Like if the words and the syntax and the sentence structure was supposed to be more fluid, and it's not and the way that we train human beings to learn is two plus two is four. But in a Hebrew Scripture not written with syntax like that, I don't think that that would work. And I'm, maybe speak out of turn because I'm ignorant of this. How do I read in a better way?

Rabbi Tarlow 17:37

Learn Hebrew! (Everyone laughs)

Seriously, I taught many years, a course at Texas A&M, in Biblical philosophy. And my students would always say to me, “which translation should we bring”? And I would say, “I don't care because they're all wrong. It doesn't matter”. And that's not because the translator is a liar. So in Italian, you do say to translate is to be treasonous. It is because you cannot take the Hebrew text and translate it into English. So people who are really interested need to take the time to learn the text, and how it sets up the world. And take the text for what it is not for what you want it to be.

So my advice is really, with all due respect to English Bible, learn Hebrew. And many Christians are learning Hebrew because of that.

Seth Price 18:31

I know so much, little, Hebrew. I want to ask the Hebrew word, because to be honest, I didn't look it up. And I probably know what it means. So I'm going to spell it because Nora I don't know how to say this word. And if you want to say it Tzedakah. What does that mean? And then if either one of you could just break that apart a a bit.

Rabbi Tarlow 18:56

Tzedakah? (pronounces it)

Seth Price 18:57

Sure. Sure. Absolutely. I don't know how to say it.

Nora 18:58

Yes, Rabbi, I want you to explain it because it's beautiful.

Rabbi Tarlow 19:03

So first of all every Hebrew word comes from a three letter root. So you have to understand this. And so the root there is TDZ(or K) which means righteousness. Tzedakah is to be righteous by being charitable. So you cannot be righteous if you're not charitable. I know I have lots of friends that tell me “well I don't have to give charity because I pay taxes”. Ridiculous statement! A tax is what the government takes from you. But a charity is what you choose to give. But in Judaism the English word charity comes from the word that means a gift, something I want to do. And in Judaism to be charitable, is not what you want to do it's what you ought to do. It's the obligation of helping your fellow human being.

Seth Price 19:55

Nora, what would you add if anything to that?

Nora 19:58

I think that what I would add is that as I've learned from Rabbi and that is growing up in Christianity and understanding it. I don't know, it's that we put such a almost like you're supposed to be impoverished, especially if you're serving in ministry. I don't know where that comes from. But it seems like it feels like that's what is sort of presented. And I think that what I’ve gleaned from Rabbi is you have to be pragmatic with your finances, and it isn't to give everywhere you feel like it but I think it's knowing that if we all were to be aware of our fellow man and community, it we would be living out what it does say in Torah or Old Testament. And that is that we wouldn't have all of the issues in the labels, and all of this what do we do with the homeless kind of thing, because I think that people would take more responsibility across the board. Do you think that's true Rabbi as I'm describing it, or trying to?

Rabbi Tarlow 21:07

I think that tzedakah is not just giving a money. It's also giving of yourself. And lots of people give themselves in lots of ways.

But the reality is that the Earth was not made specifically for you it was made for all of us. And we need to learn to live with each other as much of the “we” as we are of the “I”.

Seth Price 21:30

Yes, I want to ask you a question that I've always wanted to ask a rabbi and since there's not one close, I've been unable to.

Rabbi Tarlow 21:36

You can alwasy call me, it's okay.

Seth Price 21:40

I will I've got your number now. I'm going to do it. So, for you, not necessarily for where you worship or for those that you have influence over, for you, what is your relationship to what Christians would call you Jesus Christ? And then bigger than that what Kind of the Jewish relationship to that because I don't get to have that talk all that often.

Rabbi Tarlow 22:05

Yeah, I get to these statements of if I asked you the question, what is your relationship to Buddha or Mohammed? You're coming out of a Christian perspective and so in your world, everything centers around Christianity. But in my world, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, they're all foreign religions. So just like you have no relationship, this does not mean you have anything to hurt, but you have no relationship to Mohammed, in the same way I have no relationship to Jesus.

Seth Price 22:38

Okay. I wasn't expecting that. But I like it, I just wasn’t expect the answers. I didn't have a follow up. It's one of those questions I've always wanted to ask.

Rabbi Tarlow 22:45

But think about it Seth the question tells you a lot about where your thinking is. The fact that you formulated that question, tells you (that) you're thinking is Christian centered rather than human centered. So, you know, I appreciate Christianity for what it is. I appreciate Islam for what it is. I appreciate Buddhism for it is, each one of those are independent thought systems. They're not necessarily mine, but they're independent thought systems. And I accept that if a Christian gets great comfort from Christianity…great! If a Muslim gets great comfort from Islam…great! If a Buddhist get great comfort from Buddhism…great. I get great comfort from Judaism because it is the culture, the religion, the thought process of my people.

Seth Price 23:35

Nora, I’d ask you the same question. Mostly because of what you said earlier when I asked you what are you like, “sure, why not.” So what is kind of your relationship there?

Nora 23:44

So I’ve putting together the beginning of a book, Jesus is A Guy I Knew, that is the title and the reason is is because I think honestly, I learned more about the person of Jesus through studying Judaism then I knew practicing hardcore Christianity. And I think that we only learn what is taught to us. But we don't go beyond that. And it's almost for me, any religion sometimes can be more of an identity and sort of a membership club versus understanding what that is really supposed to be at all. And so I think that I've been grateful to have Rabbi in my life, and others have spoken into it, to help me sort of, as we like to say in Christianity, deconstruct and reconstruct. formation of something foundational that we weren't given as an oath, or something like that, but it's truly coming from within and so that’s where I’m at.

Seth Price 25:29

I like that. Thank you both for that.

Rabbi I have a question. From what Nora tells me (and) a lot of this is new to me. I just know so precious little about the practice of Judaism. Is it true that it is the only Abrahamic religion that doesn't really proselytize its faith? Which is probably why I don't know a lot, if true, because there's no interest in I guess conversion or am I saying that wrong?

Rabbi Tarlow 25:51

It probably what the proselytization 2000 years ago, which is probably where the Christians got it. But so many Christians were converting Judaism in the 4th Century, that the church got scared and told the Rabbi's, if you proselytize will take your head off. In which case they said, Oh, we don't really proselytize.

On the other hand, today, Judaism is kind of a live and let live religion. So if you’re happy with who you are, I don't want to change you. That's perfectly okay. On the other hand, we do see, especially a reawakening of people who were forced to convert to Christianity. That's especially true in the Latino world, and many of those people are finding their way back to Judaism.

So that's kind of changing the demographic of who we are for the better. And often, we end up with people who’ll become interested in Judaism, either for one or two reasons. They discovered their family once was Jewish and was forced to convert, or we see especially true among highly educated people who find Judaism to be extremely rational, (and) logical. And Judaism is based on action rather than so much on belief. And Christianity, I always tell people, the key to Christianity is belief and actions give profundity to that belief. In Judaism, the key is action and then your beliefs add profundity through your actions. So it's a different way of seeing the world.

Seth Price 27:22

I like that. Although I will say, as I talked to many people, I will go round and round with many Christians that just say they're Christians, but don't act as such. And so I think I would mirror that. And I think there's a big push towards that. And not only Christianity, also, I've seen that in some friends that are of Muslim faith that are the same mindset. Which is, I think, it makes things uncomfortable, but I think it's a progression forward. You brought up the 4th Century twice. And so can you give me some examples about kind of that, schism, is the wrong word, but I don't have a better word of kind of what was happening there?

Rabbi Tarlow 28:01

Well remember in the during the Roman occupation, especially the what Christians would call it 1st Century; for us it would be like the 34th century, but we’ll use your terminology. You had a major revolt against Rome. And the Romans (did what was) normal in all societies they were both fascinated and hated their enemies. They should have conquered Judea in about three days. It would have been kinda like the United States, Russia, Germany, England, France against Luxembourg. Instead the revolt was so successful, even though they failed in the end, that the Romans had to bring soldiers as far away Scotland in order to put it down.

So the Jewish world was always fascinating to the Romans. Why is it that this little people tucked away in the corner of the Mediterranean was able to withstand the total power of the biggest Empire the world had ever known. And that led eventually to sort of a kind of understanding. Now, eventually, some people started to accept Christianity who were not Jewish. They were definitely Gentiles and they really started pulling through a lot of Greek mythology into their Christianity.

You see the second stage of that in the Reformation in the 16th century. But in this period, you're going to have the Council of Nicea and they take a vote on it. Is Jesus God or not? I think Jesus wins by four votes, if I'm not mistaken (I can’t find evidence for this but looked to link here…) it was a very narrow vote, and you had the huge schism. And that's when Christianity really separates itself from Judaism.

But on top of that, in order to justify themselves, they entered for the first time into a world of anti semitism. And that anti semitism will manifest itself all the way through to the 20th Century, and with periods of acquiescence and in periods of war. But that has been a struggle for Christians. Christianity's had two struggles. One the struggle of faith versus action. For example, Protestantism puts more emphasis on faith. Catholicism puts more emphasis on sort of a mélange of the two.

But secondly, what is its relationship to the Jewish people (and) on some level Christians have resented it, because we gave up Jesus. On the other hand, Christians about a problem, the only people who knew Jesus said no that is not what we need, you misinterpreted. And so there's this uncomfortableness within Christianity of where it stands. And that's not a Jewish problem. That's a Christian problem. That's something that Christians are still trying to work out for themselves. Who are we? What are we? What is our role? What is our background? How did we get here? Those are not for me to answer it but that's the Christians to answer.

But those are challenges. And the people who created those challenges are the Jewish people and so our existence is therefore a challenge to Christians.

Seth Price 31:12

You think that's what most Christians would say? The Jewish existence is a challenge to Christianity?

Rabbi Tarlow 31:18

No, I don't think so. I think probably theologians would say. I think the average Jew or Christian really doesn't do a lot of deep thinking about his religion, they just do it. Just like, I doubt the average Christian thinks faith versus action. But the theologians do it right. I mean, you had a huge fight between the Catholic Church and Martin Luther in Germany, but he puts his demands on the church door and nails them there. And he says, no actions don’t count only faith counts. And that's a struggle that takes place in the Christian world.

Seth Price 31:54

I saw a meme today that I almost posted but I didn't feel like getting an argument today, on Facebook, that had Martin Luther. And it had a picture of Luther and it was taken from, I don't know if either of you watch football and I feel like being that you're both in Texas you must. I'm also from Texas and so football is literally in my DNA. And that's the wrong way to use the word literally but I'm going to do it and I'm not going to edit it because I'm the one editing it and (laughs from all)

Rabbi Tarlow 32:22

I like that

Seth Price 32:23

Yeah, I'm just not. I'll say that I will and then I'll forget, but there was at the Georgia Notre Dame game someone held up on game day a picture of Martin Luther and it took me a long time to realize why that was so funny. And about 30 minutes later I'm like oh, clever somebody is or isn't really is really clever here. And then the the main that I saw the day was Martin Luther I believe inerrancy so much that I'd like to throw out a few books of the Bible. Which really makes me laugh quite a bit as he wanted to redact everything.

So I want to drill back down. So how we're Christians, can you referenced earlier, Christians converting to Judaism or the intermingling of the two in the fourth century and how they like threatened beheading. Like, what did that look like?

Rabbi Tarlow 33:10

They were not Christians until the Council of Nicea, okay. So they were, you might call Jesusites. Now there's some Jews who saw Jesus as a potential messiah. But we have to be really careful because the Christian word Messiah and the Hebrew word Messiah are very different. So basically messiah would be a successful politician who would help bring back the Jewish people who were scattered to the land of Israel. Greeks intermingled that with the idea of Jupiter, and eventually come up with Jesus as a god. But that's a big argument between the Jesusites, and what eventually will become the Christians. And that only takes place in the middle of the 4th Century. But I don't want to lecture Christians on Christianity; that seems kind of unfair.

Seth Price 33:57

No, no, that's fine. So I will say my church history is lacking and you don't know me well, but the way my brain works, I have so many more questions, and I'm gonna have to buy 100 more books. And this will probably cause an argument with me and my wife. And it's definitely going to be the two you’s fault, because I'm going to add books to the library and I'm going to blame you both; and it'll be fine.

Rabbi Tarlow 34:18

(both Nora and Rabbi laugh)

Yes, I understand. When I retired, I had to give away over 10,000 books…

Seth Price 34:27

That hurts me…

Rabbi Tarlow 34:28

…it hurts me too. It hurt me. I put another 6000 in my son's attic to store. And now I only read a lot of books electronically, as we have no more space.

Seth Price 34:40

I read books electronically because I don't have to have evidence that I have them. I can hide them.

Rabbi Tarlow 34:44

Yes, we are out of space! Literally that's it. I need to buy new house!

Seth Price 34:54

For your books? You just need to buy a library with a bedroom is what you need. I can't make my mind stop spinning about the questions I had, but it will derail. I want to talk a bit about just the posture of a Jewish faith in the politically charged world, especially of Texas, that we live in now. I don't know when this will air but that's not going away.

Rabbi Tarlow 35:21

No it is getting worse.

Seth Price 35:22

I don't know how it can not get any, the bar is really low, it's becoming lower, and eventually it will only be able to get better. I'm not even sure what that looks like. But the bar continues to Limbo to the floor. And I don't know where it stops, eventually when it's flush, I guess. But what is the posture of a Jewish faith living inside what I will call an empire of America? You have the strongest, I can use it as an anagram for Babylon or something like that, like what is the posture for Judaism living in America?

Rabbi Tarlow 35:50

I'm not sure I understand the word posture but I’ll try the position. I think most Jews feel very comfortable in America, currently. And of course, you could never tell where we’ll be in the future. But currently, I would say this being a minority in a gentle country is very good. Being a minority in a country that is hostile, or cruel, is very bad. On the whole, the American people have always been a gentle people. My family's been here for 100’s of years. My first language is English, my parents language is English, my grandparents language is English, my great grandparents language is English, you know, as far back as I can remember. And even at probably the worst time in the world, there only really two times that I say Jews ever felt uncomfortable in this country. One was in the Civil War, Ulysses Grant signed a decree expelling the Jewish population of Memphis, Tennessee. He was immediately overridden by President Lincoln and called to task. And eventually he apologizes profoundly. He actually ended up being a really great President, Grant, but he did that without really thinking. So but that was definitely a low point (but it) didn't last long and Lincoln, you know, put a stop to like, as quickly as he found out about it.

I think the other time that probably people felt a little bit uncomfortable, and not with American but with we didn't know what would happen, was World War Two. But if Hitler had won, that would have been a different situation. But the nice thing is that we were in it with everybody else. It was a national fight for survival. But I think, you know, there's certainly anti semitism, I'm not going to say there wasn't.

You may remember Arthur Godfrey, he was an entertainer when I was a child, hnd when we went to Cub Scouts to meet him in Teterboro Airport in New Jersey, he would not allow Jewish Cub Scouts, he would not shake their hand, and he had a sign over his house that said, “No black Jews”. Well, he's a much worse word for blacks. “No blacks, Jews, or dogs permitted”. So I remember that, you know, as a child, but that was the exception. You know, it wasn't the norm.

Probably the only time you really feel uncomfortable is Christmas. I always tell people the favorite day of most Jewish children is December 26. And they say why? And I say it’s because you don't have to deal with Christmas for another year. (laughter from all)

And a lot of Christians are starting to agree with me, it's interesting.

Seth Price 38:26

I agree with you. I'm really upset that on Columbus Day, it will already be Christmas everywhere that I turn.

Rabbi Tarlow 38:36

And it seems to me, as a non Christian, that Christmas is all about going into bankruptcy and killing trees. When I asked people what the meaning of it is, they tell me to spend money. I go, that's quite a holiday; where is the religiosity in this? But certainly in the public schools where they force you to sing Christmas carols. That's kind of uncomfortable. Today it's not like it was when I was a child. Today, schools tend to try to be much more inclusive, one way or the other. But 50 years ago, 40 years ago, it wasn't so inclusive. I do think though that we’re overwhelmed by Christmas. You know most of my Christian friends feel overwhelmed by Christmas. I have lots of friends who are ministers and priests and they can't wait for the holiday to be over. Because it's been so commercialized.

Seth Price 39:25

I fully agree, Nora do you agree?

Nora 39:31

Completely.

Seth Price 39:32

I'm not a fan. Let me try that again. As a Christian I like Christmas and I emphasize the words that way on purpose, but the rest of the stuff god it annoys me so much, but I don't even like to celebrate my birthday really. Like days don't matter to me. Like it's the anniversary of the Sun orbiting the day that I was born. Yeah!!! We did it. We did it. Yeah, I can't. I can't stand it at all. I feel like often, and Nora I want your opinion on this, I feel like often the way that we talk about Scriptures, we sanitize it to the Prince of Egypt of the Scripture, it doesn't really matter what we're talking about. It's always the Prince of Egypt. It's there's no blood here. It's it's definitely not the Deadpool version of Scripture. (Nora laughs) Yeah. That's when you know you've watched the movie. It's a great movie, the sarcasm level is 127% in that movie, I love it. So I'm curious as to your thoughts on why and then how would you kind of combat that in faith as you engage with people of I guess both faiths, or any faith really, because I don't think we're the only one that sanitizers it but we do it frequently, very frequently?

Nora 40:45

You know, I think it's a disservice and especially as I learned, as Rabbi says, you have to learn Hebrew and I began down this path of trying to learn Hebrew, but also learning Greek, for the New Testament background, and bring understanding. Because what I came to realize is that the translators, especially, and Rabbi will speak to this, they're human, they're men. Why do we think suddenly, because they're translating something that is going to be revered, that they would not make mistakes or not put their bias into it? And so when you look at it through that lens, and I think that sometimes we can pedestalize pastors, we pedestalize even the Bible, and we forget, just like the, you know, Glenn says with his What if Project, we have to be willing to see that we create something we want to worship rather than, again, allowing it to stand on its own and get get the full breadth of it and maybe like it or not like it, and it's okay.

Seth Price 41:56

I'm curious your thoughts on that Rabbi on the Clorox sanitation of Scripture.

Rabbi Tarlow 42:04

Well, if you read Hebrew you don't have to worry about sanitizing.

Seth Price 42:07

But I don't. We have been over this! (everyone laughs)

Rabbi Tarlow 42:09

What I'm saying is there's two reasons against translation. One is that no two languages can say quite the same thing. In English, everything is past, present, (or) future. In classical Hebrew everything is ended, not ended, not begun, or did begin. It's a completely different verbal sense.

So the moment you translate your misinterpreting. But on top of that Hebrew doesn't hide things. For example, I remember seeing the Christian word God waxed verily or God vexed verily; but it means God's really angry. The Hebrew is “God was pissed off”. But in English you don't like dirty words. The whole concept of a dirty word, or to believe that sex is dirty, is a Christian concept.

Nora 43:07

That’s right.

Rabbi Tarlow 43:08

It's not a Jewish concept. So right away, the moment you translate you sanitize. What you're doing is you're Christianizing, you're taking a text and putting it into a different culture.

Nora 43:19

Yes.

Rabbi Tarlow 43:20

And in English there are many, many words that are sexual, that are considered to be improper, or dirty, or swear words—they're not in Hebrew. If it's human and God made us then everything we do, every every part of our body, is a gift of God.

Seth Price 43:39

How do I learn Hebrew then, actual conversation not a leading one, if I wanted to? So I'm 37 and I have a limited amount of time because I have three human beings that depend on me.

Rabbi Tarlow 43:48

The nice thing about Hebrew is that modern Hebrew and Biblical Hebrew are basically the same language. The Hebrew spoken in Israel is much closer to the Hebrew that Moses would have spoken then English is to the time of the Declaration of Independence. And so that's a big advantage. And secondly, Hebrew is absolutely mathematical and logical. The only difference between modern Hebrew and classical Hebrew, they're more words. But even the words are derived from ancient words.

For example, word for jet plane, in modern Hebrew matos, comes from the verb latus, like to fly like an angel, the machine that makes you fly like an angel. And then from that, we get all the, you know, stuff like that. A red light in Hebrew is the light that winks at you, that gives you a hint if you should go or not. So every word in the Hebrew language is connected to a Biblical word.

But I would say there's maybe some great programs on the web. I mean, you know, there are, I don't know if you're close to a university, but they may have a course. Usually most Jewish centers will have a Hebrew course but you may be far from that.

Seth Price 44:59

So I'm right outside Charlottesville. But as I google there's not a lot but I'm 35 minutes 40 minutes west of Charlottesville.

Rabbi Tarlow 45:13

We know there's two synagogues in Charlottesville.

Seth Price 45:15

Okay, I just have to dig deeper. I know there's one in Crozet and every time I drove by, Crozet is on the way to Charlottesville. Every time I drive by there's nobody there.

Rabbi Tarlow 45:27

Yeah, call them to find out when they meet or if you can speak to somebody. But we definitely know that there's an active congregation in Charlottesville. You remember the crisis in Charlottesville?

Seth Price 45:40

The Unite the Right rally?

Rabbi Tarlow 45:42

Yeah, that the statue remember that? It went right past one of the synagogues and that became a big deal.

Seth Price 45:50

Yeah, I remember that day vividly. We were supposed to go to the swimming pool that day (in Charlottesville) to play and we instead stayed here and watch the madness and then eventually play outside on the swing set, because why am I going to watch this?

Rabbi Tarlow 46:02

So that's why I know that there is a synagogue in Charlottesville.

Seth Price 46:06

Nora it tells me that you, somehow or another, have a relationship to the Pope. And I'm curious what that looks like?

Rabbi Tarlow 46:11

It's not that I have a relationship. The Pope has very close relationship to the Jewish community.

Seth Price 46:17

Okay.

Rabbi Tarlow 46:18

The Pope's best friend in Argentina is a Rabbi in Argentina. And they wrote two books together. And this particular Pope, who is really very open to everybody, invited all the European rabbis last year for Hanukkah. And they said, well, we have a real problem go to the Vatican and what will we eat? And he said, not to worry, we have a kosher kitchen. So this Pope is not the same as the Popes of 200 years ago. Same name, very different game.

But, I would actually say ever since Vatican II, there has been a major shift within the Catholic world, for the better; that’s a compliment.

Seth Price 47:00

One of my favorite people that have learned about Vatican two from is Paul Knitter he was there as a small like a what's the word? He was working in the Vatican as someone that would go fetch the scrolls and whatnot for the Bishops that were there that were voting on things. So he was under he's one of the last people to studied under…gosh the name escapes me the books too far away from me to go get I don't remember. He wrote a book about you know Without Buddha he could not be Christian as he starts to blend…

Nora 47:32

I remember, yes.

Seth Price 47:33

I just can't remember the name of the person that he was studying under. But I liked the way that he blended faith together.

What are those books that were written together with the Rabbi and with the Pope?

Rabbi Tarlow 47:49

You can look them up I don't remember their names anymore. I remember seeing it at the time and thinking oh isn't this neat. And then I kind of, you know, my mind moved on to the next thing.

Seth Price 48:00

Alright, so I'm say two things in closing, Nora, I'm gonna have to have you back. There's a lot more there that we didn't talk about. And I want to talk about it. So we were gonna make that happen.

And so I want to ask you both the same question as we engage into the next season in America, which is going to be fun. As we began to impeach the President, apparently today, right or wrong, that's gonna be fun (sarcasm). That's a thing.

Rabbi Tarlow 48:26

Though I understand that it is an inquiry into impeachment, which does not exist in the Constitution. That was kind of a political ploy.

Seth Price 48:31

Well, everything's a political ploy this time of year that's not going away and that animosity is not going away. And so what is one thing regardless of your faith that you both think we could do to actually be better? To play on what you said earlier Rabbi said, that if we have faith that things are whatever, you know, Republicans are going to fix it or the blue button is going to fix it. But to have action like to have a faith that even really matters of having a faith or a practice or a religion. Like what would be one thing that you would install that you would advise people that you were chaplaining, or that you were talking to Nora, you know, that would that could possibly help move the ball forward down that field?

Rabbi Tarlow 49:12

I probably would quote Micah,

To love justice, do righteously and walk humbly with your God.

Calm down. Be humble.

Nora 49:21

I love that. And I think I would, I would say, because if and Rabbi knows this, he knows my husband, and he knows how different we are. And I say that laughing out loud because Rabbi, you know, all the conversations that are probably running through your head too, but I would say to listen. But listen not to prosecute—listen to understand.

Seth Price 49:45

Rabbi if people want to have tourism security from you or anything else from you where would you send them?

Rabbi Tarlow 49:50

They can write to me at Ptarlow@tourismandmore.com. And if they want to get my weekly Bible portion in both English and Spanish they can just write to me and tell me they're interested in that.

Seth Price 50:23

Side question: how many languages do you know? Were it English were it Spanish were it Hebrew? You said another word earlier you said melange, which I think that's French. So how many actual languages do you know?

Rabbie Tarlow 50:34

Five.

Seth Price 50:35

That's ridiculous; just ridiculous.

Nora 50:36

And then I'll add this real quick. Rabbi had to go to France, and I said, “Rabbi, what are you doing”? And he said, “I'm learning French”. “When do you go”…”next week.” (we all laugh)

Seth Price 50:51

Nora where would you point people to?

Nora 50:53

For me? NoraSpeakman.com is where they can find everything they want to know. And then some.

Seth Price 51:03

Thank you both so much.

Rabbi Tarlow 51:06

I've enjoyed it. Thank you and have a good evening.

Seth Price 51:18

I was really challenged by Rabbi and by Nora, that I don't know really any Hebrew. The fact that I can't pronounce a Hebrew word really makes me mad. And so I'm going to begin doing that I have no idea how to start, I have found a few different resources to do that. And I told my family actually at dinner last night, or at least my wife, I think I'm going to learn Hebrew because it matters for at least my faith. I’m really looking forward to seeing what I learned, how I hear from God differently as I read the Bible, and Scripture, in the language that was actually written in, or at least try to. And so if that is something that interests you, or something that you've done, let me know how you did it. I need some resources. I need some help. Let's crowdsource that. I don't even know where to begin. And I could Google it but sometimes that takes you down a rabbit hole that you're just not really prepared to mess with. I'm going to do that it's going to be good.

Next week, what you will hear is a conversation that I really liked about a book that deeply challenged me, especially as we walk into the political election. And so, Professor Soong-Chan Rah along with Mark Charles, both of those have been past guests. And Mark, if you're not aware is currently running for President, which is amazing. And I love what he has to say about reconciliation and conciliation and what it means to actually be for all the people. He's doing some big things but his book along with Professor Soong-Chan Rah is called Unsettling Truths are really think really, really, really think that you're going to enjoy it.

I’m actually going to try something a bit different this week. I want to leave you with a little teaser of what you will hear next week. I can't wait for you to come back next week and hear the remainder. Here we are. Be blessed everybody.

Seth Price 53:04

The history of our country, once you get past the you know MacLaughlin Hill approved literature for eighth grade history class is crazy. So I want to begin right towards the beginning of the book you talk about and if it's all right, I'd like to quote a few places I actually don't remember when the book is out. But by the time the book is out won't be plagiarizing this. So, there's a part where you all talk about the power of metaphors. And you talk about George Lakoff and assert that metaphors are a particular form of communication, and they impact the formation of social reality, and the institutions that function in that society.

And so, I want you to break those two apart. So what do we mean when we mean like a social metaphor impacting social reality? Like what does that actually mean for someone not engaged in that type of thought process?

Professor Soong-Chan Rah 54:01

Sure. So try to engage how social reality comes into being and what is the social reality, the cultural world view, that we live in. And there's significant work on this in sociology circles Probably the landmark work was by Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, where they talk about three different factors that form social reality.

And one of the key factors, and the language and even a little bit different from Berger and Luckmann’s language, but what Berger and Luckmann called internalization, I use the word narratives. And narratives are the stories, the metaphors, and the imagination that gets the embedded or embodied or internalized within our society and within the individuals that we play out over and over and over and over and over again. And so I use the example that systems and structures might actually come and go at times-like a system structure of slavery. And then once slavery as institution is broken down it's replaced by another institution, in this case, Jim Crow. And then even when Jim Crow was torn down is replaced by another institution, The New Jim Crow.

So you have three systems that are operating, essentially the same way. They are oppressive towards people of color, particularly African Americans. So you have the systems that you thought you were overcoming, you thought you were tearing down, you thought you were breaking down. But what you didn't deal with were the narratives that were fueling these systems. And so what I point out is that we can keep tearing down these systems but if don't deal with the fuel that drove the systems in the first place, that identified the narrative, you're going to end up rebuilding the system and reworking the system over and over again?

And so how our narratives form is the question that's being asked you in this chapter. Narrative is form of the social imagination.